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Marine phytoplankton : a guide to naked flagellates and coccolithophorids
The literature presented here was originally developed partially as class
notes and handouts for the Advanced International Course for the Identification
of Marine Phytoplankton, held in Oslo, Norway, and later in Naples, Italy.
This material, continuously revised and updated by the authors, is an effort to
synthesize the latest information with that published previously, often in different
languages and in remote journals difficult to access. This, combined with
personal insights and the extensive experience of each author in identifying
these delicate plankton organisms, has resulted in this manual.
As an introductory guide for serious plankton workers who wish to develop
their skills in identifying marine flagellated species, this volume is oriented
toward the use of light microscopy, most likely the routine method of sample
processing and viewing these organisms. Advances in electron microscopy are
not ignored, however, and they are presented here where appropriate, but they
are considered "advanced procedures" occasionally available to the researcher.
As a manual, this is meant to serve the person doing the routine identification
and counting of marine phytoplankton as well as the advanced student of
phytoplankton or the researcher.
The flagellates, as used here, are defined as those species that are able to
multiply in the flagellated stage, regardless of whether they have a nonmotile
stage. In this definition, swarmers of macro algae are excluded, whereas species
like Phaeocystis, Halosphaera, Pterosperma, and Pachysphaera (Tasmanites)
are included. Heterotrophic flagellates, such as Choanoflagellates, Ebridians,
and members of the Kinetoplastidea are also included here, since they are considered
to be closely related to the phytoflagellates. The dinoflagellates are not
covered in this text, since they will be covered in another volume in preparation.
For the coccolithophorids, only extant species are treated, limiting this
guide to the living species expected to be found in the world's oceans and seas.
Where appropriate, some reference is made to fossil forms, but mainly in
discussing living species. The chapter on coccolithophorids, like the preceding
one, has an extensive list of common synonyms. These synonyms are presented
without judgment as to the validity of the names listed. It is left to the user to
seek further information in this regard.
The species illustrated and discussed here may not be found in all areas, and
each user should be careful to confirm the identification of species considered to
be new to a specific region. The comments regarding distribution are orientative,
and the absence of a listed region does not imply that species are not found
there. The extensive literature lists and citations are also meant to encourage
researchers to locate original descriptions in making confirmations of species
that are difficult to identify.
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