e-journal
Global citizenship education and Hong Kong’s secondary school curriculum guidelines From learning about rights and understanding responsibility to challenging inequality
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the major development of global citizenship
education (GCE) as part of Hong Kong’s secondary school curriculum guidelines, which reveals how it
has developed from, first, asking students to understand their responsibilities as citizens to now
challenging injustice and inequality in the world. Hong Kong’s curriculum guidelines started to teach
GCE as a result of the last civic education guideline issued just before the return of sovereignty to
China in 1997. Through documentary analysis, this paper examines how GCE has developed against
the backdrop of globalization in Hong Kong’s various secondary school curriculum guidelines.
Design/methodology/approach – This study used documentary analysis to examine the
developments in the teaching of GCE via Hong Kong’s official secondary school curriculum guidelines.
It has studied the aims, knowledge and concepts that are related to GCE by coding the GCE literature
and categorizing the findings from the curriculum guidelines.
Findings – From the coding and categorizing processes employed, it has been found that GCE in
Hong Kong’s official curriculum guidelines has evolved from learning about rights and responsibilities
in the 1990s to challenging injustice, discrimination, exclusion and inequality since the late 1990s.
Indeed, understanding the world and especially globalization, in terms of comprehending the processes
and phenomena through which people around the globe become more connected, has presented
challenges for the teaching of civic education. For example, categories of GCE have developed from the
simpler expression of concerns about the world to encompass moral obligations and taking action.
Similarly, the concerns for the maintenance of peace that were studied initially have since grown and
now include work about challenging inequalities and taking action on human rights violations.
Originality/value – This study would have implications for the understanding of GCE in Hong Kong
as well as other fast-changing societies in this age of globalization, as civic education curricula need to
respond to the impacts of globalization. GCE is an under-researched area, but topics concerning world/
international/global affairs have been covered in Hong Kong secondary school curriculum guidelines
for several decades.
Keywords Curriculum guidelines, Documentary analysis, Global citizenship education, Hong Kong secondary schools
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