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Strong Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures

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The provision of earthquake resistant structures and facilities is one ofthe main concerns of
Civil and Earthquake Engineering Profession. As such, the main objective of seismic
instrumentation program for civil engineering structural systems is to improve our
understanding of the behavior and potential for damage of structures under the dynamic
loads of earthquakes. As a result of this understanding, design and construction practices
can be modified so that future earthquake damage is minimized. Therefore, there are
significant implications in (a) hazard reduction, (b) improvement of codes, (c) identification
of seismic response characteristics of structural system that may be used in determination of
strategies for improvement of their performances.

There are two main approaches to evaluate seismic behavior and performance of structural
systems. One requires a laboratory in which subsystems, components, or (if the facility is
large enough) prototypes or large, scaled models of complete systems are tested under
static, quasi-static , or dynamic loading. This approach does not necessarily demand a timedependent
testing scheme, such as a shaking table or hydraulically powered and
electronically controlled loading systems; however, testing of structural systems under
controlled simulated environments is desirable. Since the early 1950's such laboratory
research has increased both in quantity and quality, with engineering colleges in the United
States and private and governmental laboratories in Japan playing a key role. Laboratory
testing has also contributed substantially to our understanding of dynamic soil properties
and the interaction phenomenon between the soil and structure.

The second approach to evaluate behavior and performance of structural systems is to use
the natural laboratory of the Earth, by observing and studying damage to structures from
earthquakes. By determining why specific designs lack earthquake resistance and then by
using extensive laboratory testing of modified designs, significant progress in improved
designs can be achieved. The validity of the models of analysis used in the assessment of
the earthquake behavior of structures can only be checked by way of comparison with
relevant field observations. For such design studies, a natural laboratory would be a
seismically prone area that offers a variety of structural systems. Integral to the "natural
laboratory" approach is the advance instrumentation of selected structures so that their
responses can be recorded during future earthquakes. Thus, it is essential that integrated
arrays of instrumentation be planned and installed to assess thoroughly the relation of
ground motion that starts at a source and is transmitted through various soils to a
substructure and finally to a superstructure. The direction for seismologists and engineers
working together is clear; to develop integrated networks which measure the seismic
source, the transmittal of ground motion, and the structural response processes.

Strong motion instrumentation of structures has been utilized since 1940's. Throughout the
world, strong motion instrumentation networks have been installed on buildings,
monumental and historic structures, bridges, dams, tunnels, pipelines and power plants.
Recent strong earthquakes, Mexico City (1985), Loma Prieta (1989), Landers (1992) ,
Northridge (1994), and Kobe (1995) have yielded a wealth of structural response data from
instrumented structures. These data have contributed to the evolution and enhancement of
seismic analysis and design methodologies, seismic building codes and practices. In the last
decade, there have been significant advances in the development of digital seismic
monitoring systems, data retrieval, processing, storage and dissemination capabilities. The
new strong motion recording instruments with advanced technologies allow for: High
dynamic range (24-bit with micro-g acceleration resolution); Large memory capacity (few
hours) ; On-board real-time processing of data and; Extensive communication options.
These developments have reduced the initial and the maintenance cost of the strong motion
instrumentation and paved the path for their increased utilization.

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 373

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

London : Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.., 1999

Deskripsi Fisik

xi, 605 Hlm.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

978-94-010-0696-5

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

Vol. 373

Subjek

TEKNIK SIPIL

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

agus

Versi lain/terkait

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