e-journal
In Pursuit of Capitalist Agrarian Transition
This is a contribution to a long-standing ‘conversation’ between Henry Bernstein and Terry
Byres on capitalist agrarian transition, encompassing the development of capitalist agriculture
and capitalist industrialization. Two themes are central: first, the divergence of view with
respect to the possible relevance of past transitions for the present (posited by Byres) and
the contemporary, pre-emptive power of globalization (argued by Bernstein); and, second,
the basic difference of analytical procedure. There is discussion of how, in India, before
1947, colonialism sought unsuccessfully to replicate an ‘English model’ of transition in
eastern India; and how, throughout India, colonialism through surplus appropriation and
remittances to Britain prevented the creation of the underlying structural conditions necessary
for successful agrarian transition. Aspects of the nature of the Byres treatment of the Scottish
experience of agrarian transition in the eighteenth century are considered, to illustrate the nature
of the Byres method. The paper seeks to advance the conversation by clarifying the contrast between
the two approaches.
Keywords: capitalist agrarian transition, paths of agrarian change, globalization, comparative historical political economy, eighteenth-century Scotland, Scottish Enlightenment, colonialism, India
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