e-journal

Opioids and endocrine dysfunction

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Abstract:
The endocrine effects of opioids used for the management of persistent pain are poorly understood by clinicians and patients, and hormone levels are rarely measured. It is recognized that opioids exert this effect via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Additional effects on adrenal hormones, weight, blood pressure and bone density may also occur. Symptoms and signs of sex hormone deficiency occur in both men and women but are under-reported and are often clinically unrecognized. The potential effects of long term opioid therapy on the endocrine system should be explained to patients before opioid therapy is commenced. Monitoring of sex hormones is recommended; if there are deficiencies opioids should be tapered and withdrawn, if this is clinically acceptable. If opioid therapy has to continue, hormone replacement therapy should be initiated and monitored by an endocrinologist.

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Ketersediaan

Tidak ada salinan data

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

Pain

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

: SAGE, British Journal of Pain., 2012

Deskripsi Fisik

British Journal of Pain 6(1) 17– 24 © The British Pain Society 2012

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

DOI: 10.1177/2049463

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

(2012), 6(1)

Subjek

Pain

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

deliza

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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