e-book

Advanced Concepts in Photovoltaics

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Over the past several years, developments in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells
have enabled enormous progress to occur in reducing the cost of PV electrical
energy ($/kWh) such that it is rapidly approaching the cost of electrical
energy produced by power plants fuelled by coal, natural gas, and nuclear
reactors; this cost goal is generally termed ‘achieving grid parity’. In 1977,
when U.S. President Carter’s administration created the Solar Energy
Research Institute in Golden, Colorado, the price of PV electricity was about
$4/kWh, and in 2014 it is about $0.15/kWh; electricity from the grid is on
average about $0.10/kWh, but varies depending on country region. This
dramatic reduction in PV electricity cost has followed an 80% ‘learning
curve’ (which means the module cost drops by 20% for every doubling of
cumulative production capacity). Currently, total global PV module capacity
is well above 100 GW (expressed as delivered peak power at the surface of the
earth when the sun is at high noon with no clouds and has a standard AM1.5
solar spectrum (i.e., the sun is filtered through 1.5 atmospheres). The yearly
solar capacity factor (which takes into account the yearly average of cloud
cover, the diurnal cycle, and the changing azimuthal angle of the sun) is
about 20–30%, depending upon geographical location on the earth’s surface.
Thus, 100 peak GWs corresponds to about 25 GWs averaged over a year; this
is equivalent to the average power capacity of 25 large (1 GW) coal-fired
or nuclear power plants. Thus, PV presently represents about 0.5% of yearly
total global electrical energy production. Global efforts are under way to
increase this fraction by increasing PV power conversion efficiency and
further lowering PV system costs.

This book presents a series of chapters that describe various approaches
and research directions that have the potential to significantly reduce the
energy cost of PV systems, and thus increase the penetration of PV electricity
into the global electric power producing market. It covers: (1) PV systems
based on crystalline silicon that dominate the present PV market (termed 1st
generation PV); (2) thin film compound semiconductors (for example, thin
polycrystalline CdTe films), dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells and
organic-based PV (termed 2nd generation PV); and (3) various novel approaches
that are in the early stages of research and development (termed
future generation PV). These chapters are briefly described below.

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

RSC Energy and Environment Series No. 11

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Cambridge : The Royal Society of Chemistry., 2014

Deskripsi Fisik

xxi, 608 Hlm.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9781849739955

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

FISIKA
PHOTOLITIK

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

gusut

Versi lain/terkait

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