e-book

Advanced Oil Crop Biorefineries

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The twenty first century is a period of human history where natural resources
are stretched to the limit, unprecedented levels of carbon emissions and a
rapidly rising population, predicted to reach nine billion by 2050. It is indeed
the opinion of some that we have excavated a hole so deep that there is now
no turning back from catastrophe, however I believe that it is in human nature
to win against the odds, but this will only be possible if we focus our
attention on creating a sustainable relationship with the Earth.

The Earth provides us with an ample source of renewable biomass which can
be used to fulfil our basic requirements for chemicals and materials. There are
many types of biomass such as wood, cereal, sugar and algae however in this
book we have decided to focus on the by-products of oil crops in Europe.
Rapeseed, sunflower and olive oils are commonly used for cooking and are
found in a multitude of food products. Although primarily used for food,
natural oils have been used for decades in the speciality chemicals industry.
With simple chemical modification, the fatty acids can be used as lubricants or
as thickening agents in cosmetic products. It is clear from this example that
agricultural products can be used for food and non-food applications without
any conflict. The emergence of high volume products such as biofuels has
disturbed this delicate balance. The food versus fuel debate became front page
news all over the world and acted as a reminder that that the food supply chain
should not be interfered with.

To avoid this very issue we decided to focus on the by-products of industrial
oil crop supply chains. The farmers are at the start of the supply chain and
consumer products such as vegetable oil or biodiesel at the end. By using novel
techniques to extract the maximum potential of the by-products, we can
improve the economics of the supply chain. Many by-products of the oil crop
supply chain have current uses, for example rapeseed straw is used for animal
feed or left on the field to replenish the soil. Clearly a calculated amount needs
to be left on the field however the remaining straw could be valorised. We
know that the straw contains a number of antioxidants which could be used in
cosmetic or food applications. The high concentration of protein in the
straw could be extracted to produce a high value animal feed and the remaining
straw could be used to generate energy or biomethane. After the extraction
of secondary metabolites and proteins, the material still contains mainly
cellulose which can be hydrolysed to sugars, the starting point for numerous
high value chemicals. An alternative approach would be to use the protein in
the straw as a natural adhesive to create various biodegradable materials such
as bio-boards.

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Ketersediaan

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Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

RSC Green Chemistry No. 14

No. Panggil

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Penerbit

New York : The Royal Society of Chemistry., 2012

Deskripsi Fisik

x, 325 hlm.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

978-1-84973-135-5

Klasifikasi

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Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

-

Subjek

PERTANIAN.
KIMIA ORGANIK

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

gusut

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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