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Quantitative Adjustment of the Influence of Depression on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire
Abstract Upper extremity specific disability as measured
with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand
(DASH) questionnaire varies more than expected based
upon variations in objective impairment influenced by
depression. We tested the hypothesis that adjusting for
depression can reduce the mean and variance of DASH
scores. Five hundred and sixteen patients (352 men, 164
women) with an average of 58 years of age (range, 18–100)
were asked to simultaneously complete the DASH and
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD)
scores at their initial visit to a hand surgeon. Pearson's
correlations between each of the DASH items and the CESD
score were obtained. The DASH score was then adjusted
for the influence of Depression for women and men using
ordinary least-squares regression and subtracting the product
of the regression coefficient and the CES-D score from
the raw DASH score. The average DASH score was 24
points (SD, 19; range, 0–91), and the average CES-D score
was 10 points (SD, 8; range, 0–42). Fourteen of the 30
items of the DASH demonstrated correlation greater than
r=0.20. Adjustment of these DASH items for the depression
effect led to significant reductions in the mean (5.5
points; p
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