We report the case of a patient exhibiting the snapping phenomenon during flexion/extension motion caused by the gracilis tendon flipping over the posteromedial corner of the medial femoral condyle. A 30-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of pain accompanied by snapping over the medial aspect of the left knee. Snapping was observed at the posteromedial corner of the medial femoral c…
Maintenance of the sporting activity of elite athletes in adapted sports can be difficult if a secondary disorder, such as a pressure ulcer, occurs. Pressure ulcers result from deep tissue injuries by external pressure. The purpose of this study was to use ultrasonography to investigate deep tissue injuries in male wheelchair basketball players of a Japanese national team, and to determine fact…
In our previous study, a fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)eapatite composite layer coated on titanium screws effectively prevented pin tract infection in rabbits because of enhanced wound healing; however, the FGF-2eapatite composite layers did not completely prevent pin tract infection. Thus, we recently developed a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) sponge pad embedded with cefazolin sodium (þCEZ)…
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. Recently, there has been a shift in interest towards reconstruction techniques that more closely restore the native anatomy of the ACL. This review paper discusses our approach to individualized anatomic ACL reconstruction, including the anatomy of the ACL, the physical exam, imaging mo…
enisci (DLM) surgeries, a minimum of 10 years of follow-up was performed after unilateral surgery for a torn DLM. Eligible patients had received arthroscopic meniscectomy between 1986 and 2001 for unilateral torn DLM. Patients with symptomatic contralateral knees at the time of initial surgery were excluded. Among these patients, only those aged no more than 20 years at the time of surgery were…
No standard surgical procedure for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction exists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and limitation of the reconstructions of the MPFL in single patellar and femoral bone tunnels. The methods used a hamstring tendon and titanium interference screws in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation. Nineteen knees in 1…
The purpose of this study was to examine tunnel length and incidence of posterior wall breakage during drilling of the femoral anteromedial (AM) tunnel in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and compare those results between inside-out (transportal) and outside-in techniques. The study population comprised 68 patients (30 females and 38 males) with a mean age at surgery of …
Lateral elbow stability utilises a combination of bony and soft tissue constraints. Lateral elbow instability is usually associated with an episode of elbow dislocation. Isolated lateral ligament complex insufficiency results in posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI), The most common presentation is lateral elbow discomfort and a sensation of instability, without recurrent dislocation. The …
Lateral extra-articular procedures were popular in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the nineteen seventies and eighties, but fell from favor due to poor results, concerns regarding biomechanics, and concurrent advances in intra-articular reconstruction. Persistent problems with rotational control in modern reconstructive techniques have lead to a resurgence of interest in t…
Background: Though the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration are deeply understood, those involved in muscle contusion, one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine clinics, are not. The objective of this study is to explore the mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration after contusion injury. Methods: In this study, a total of 72 mice were used. Eight of them were randomly …
Traditional biomechanical analyses of human movement are generally derived from linear mathematics. While these methods can be useful in many situations, they do not describe behaviors in human systems that are predominately nonlinear. For this reason, nonlinear analysis methods based on a dynamical systems approach have become more prevalent in recent literature. These analysis techniques have…
Background: Marginal changes in the execution of competitive sports movements can represent a significant change for performance success. However, such differences may emerge only at certain execution intensities and are not easily detectable through conventional biomechanical techniques. This study aimed to investigate if and how competition standard and progression speed affect race walking k…
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the coordination between the trunk and the pelvis during a sustained asymmetric repetitive lifting task between a group with a history of low back pain (LBP; HBP) and a group with no history of LBP (NBP). Methods: Volunteers lifted a 11-kg box from ankle height in front to a shelf 45° off-center at waist height, and lowered it to the start pos…
Background: Athletes have been shown to exhibit better balance compared to non-athletes (NON). However, few studies have investigated how the surface on which athletes train affects the strategies adopted to maintain balance. Two distinct athlete groups who experience different types of sport-specific balance training are stable surface athletes (SSA) such as basketball players and those who tr…
Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury, incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-linear assessments of post-concussion postural control. The current acute evaluation for concussion utilizes the subjective balance error scoring system (BESS) to assess postural c…
Background: Many disease-specific factors such as muscular weakness, increased muscle stiffness, varying postural strategies, and changes in postural reflexes have been shown to lead to postural instability and fall risk in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, analytical techniques, inspired by the dynamical systems perspective on movement control and coordination, have been used t…
In their comment, Krewer et al.1 argue that before selecting a specific method for assessing proprioception, it is essential to consider which component of proprioception is to be assessed. They also note that there is no single method for assessing all aspects of the various proprioceptive senses, because the neurophysiological processes underlying proprioceptive function are complex. We agree…
In recent years, the assessment of proprioceptive function has received increased attention in clinical and motor skill research. This is not surprising given the growing body of scientific evidence on the importance of proprioceptive information for controlling nearly all facets of human movement;from standing to performing highly skilled movement patterns in sports. In addition, the importan…
Background: In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete’s training, especially at the elite level. However, the sport science is a broad field, encompassing disciplines such as biomechanics, motor control and learning, exercise physiology,sports medicine, sport psychology to name a few. Rarely are these disciplines applied in an i…
Purpose: This study aims to explore the effects of running on different surfaces on the characteristics of in-shoe plantar pressure and tibial acceleration. Methods: Thirteen male recreational runners were required to run at 12 km/h velocity on concrete, synthetic track, natural grass, a normal treadmill, and a treadmill equipped with an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) cushioning underlay (treadm…
Endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of factors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillary density, and economy. Physiological adaptations in response to acute and chronic exposure to hypoxic environments are well documented and range from short-term detrimental effects…
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods: The patient in this study was an elite female javelin thrower who completed the first three trials and sustained a non-contact ACL injury on her left knee in the fourth trial of javelin throwin…
Background: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) has become increasingly popular for identifying functional limitations in basic functional movements. This exploratory and descriptive study was undertaken to confirm feasibility of performing the FMS™ in older active adults, assess prevalence of asymmetries and to evaluate the relationship between functional movement ability, age, physical …
Planning training programs for strength–power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowi…
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of horizontal and vertical velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run on the performance and optimal phase ratio of the triple jump. Methods: Three-dimensional kinematic data of 13 elite male triple jumpers were obtained during a competition. Computer simulations were performed using a biomechanical model of the tri…
Background: Research surrounding the steeplechase is scarce, with most research focusing primarily on how biomechanical factors relate to maintaining running speed while crossing barriers. One area that has not been well explored is the relationship between biomechanical factors and hurdling economy. The purpose of this study was to investigate how performance times and biomechanical variables …
The core idea of physical literacy is a mind-body integrated, holistic approach to physical activity. A physically literate individual is expected to be cognitively knowledgeable, physically competent, and mentally motivated for a physically active life throughout the lifespan. The advancement of technology in recent years, especially those in active video games (AVGs), seems to have allowed th…
The intent of this paper is to conceptualize physical literacy in the school environment within the United States educational system. Evolution of physical literacy from both a general education and disciplinary focus is overviewed. The challenges of transitioning from a physically educated to a physically literate person as the primary learning outcome of physical education may inhibit progres…
Physical literacy is a concept that is expected to encompass the mind and body in an integrated way to explain, promote, and help sustain human beings’ fundamental function: movement. According to Whitehead (2010), physical literacy is defined by motivation, especially by competence-based and interest-based motivation. This point of view is consistent with vast amount of research evidence on …
In the 2013 release of the U.S. National Physical Education Standards the term “physically literate” replaced “physically educated”. Unfortunately,most discourse within the profession about the term physically literate occurred primarily after its adoption. While we agree with the spirit and intent of the term, we feel it is essential to discuss not only what has been potentially gained…
Background: Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmills can be used in rehabilitation programs and/or to supplement run mileage in healthy runners by reducing the effective body weight and impact associated with running. The purpose of this study is to determine if body weight support influences the stride length (SL)–velocity as well as leg impact acceleration relationship during running.…
Background: A previous study has reported a 50% reduction in disuse atrophy of the quadriceps during the first 14 days after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. A follow-up trial is needed to confirm these promising results. The present study aims to investigate the effect of an occlusion stimulus on quadriceps atrophy after ACL reconstruction. Methods: A total of 24 subjects part…
Physical education teachers play an important role in helping students’ development of the motor skills needed to be physically literate individuals. Research suggests that teacher made instructional design decisions can lead to enhanced motor skill learning. After presenting a model of evidence-based research this paper presents information that will help teachers plan and execute lessons de…
Physical literacy (PL), as embodied within physical education (PE), has been vaunted as having increasing importance as a disposition for students of all abilities to establish lifelong adherence to physical activity. The purpose of this paper was to provide a discussion of how the pedagogical features of a contemporary pedagogical model, Sport Education (SE), may be used to operationalize PL i…
The term “physical literacy” is gaining traction in many countries and institutions as a goal for physical education. This paper explores the concept of physical literacy and highlights the foundational work in this area, particularly that of Margaret Whitehead. The relationship of physical literacy to physical education is also discussed with potential ramifications for teachers and learne…
Publications of articles with physical literacy as a topic have increased dramatically since the beginning of 2000s. The aim of this paper is to,through an explorative literature overview with an inductive approach, analyze frequent, and significant themes in published peer reviewed articles,with a focus on physical literacy. The database EBSCO has been used with the identifiers “physical lit…
Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is widely used in enhancing the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury. However, the impact of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this investigation the effects of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical response…
To control movement, the brain has to integrate proprioceptive information from a variety of mechanoreceptors. The role of proprioception in daily activities, exercise, and sports has been extensively investigated, using different techniques, yet the proprioceptive mechanisms underlying human movement control are still unclear. In the current work we have reviewed understanding of proprioceptio…
Purpose: The purpose of this review was to critically analyse the current evidence investigating the effect of an athlete’s hydration status on physical performance. Methods: A literature search of multiple databases was used to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included studies were then critically appraised using the Downs and Black protocol. Results: N…
Background: The greater trochanter marker is commonly used in 3-dimensional (3D) models; however, its influence on hip and knee kinematics during gait is unclear. Understanding the influence of the greater trochanter marker is important when quantifying frontal and transverse plane hip and knee kinematics, parameters which are particularly relevant to investigate in individuals with conditions …
Background: To understand an effective golf swing, both swing speed and impact precision must be thoroughly and simultaneously examined. The aim of this study was to perform both swing speed test and impact precision test to ascertain what swing type determines an effective impact. Methods: Seven golfers from a college team (handicap: 0e12) were recruited to complete a swing speed test and imp…
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder that affects approximately 11% of children in the United States. Research supports that a single session of exercise benefits cognitive performance by children, and a limited number of studies have demonstrated that these effects can also be realized by children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to…
Purpose: The relationship between acute exercise and executive functions in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been clearly established. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the difference in cognitive performance between college students with and without ADHD and to explore the effects of acute exercise on multiple aspects of executive…
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of acute exercise on reaction time and response preparation during a Go/No Go Task in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nineteen children with ADHD (aged between 8 and 12 years old) undertook a 30-min intervention that consisted of treadmill running or video-watching presented in a counterbal…
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on motor response inhibition using both behavioral and electrophysiological approaches. Methods: The P3 and N1 event-related potential (ERP) components were recorded while performing a stop-signal task in 21 college students following a moderately intense acute exercise bout for 30 min and a sedentary control ses…
Purpose: Acute exercise has been linked to the facilitation of executive function, but little is known regarding executive function assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The present research consisted of two experiments aimed to determine whether acute aerobic exercise influences successive WCST performance. Methods: In Study 1, 27 young adults were randomly assigned to the exerc…
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether workload intensity modulates exercise-induced effect on reaction time (RT) performances, and more specifically to clarify whether cognitive control that plays a crucial role in rapid decision making is altered. Methods: Fourteen participants performed a Simon Task while cycling 20 min at a light (first ventilatory threshold, VT1 e 20%), moderate…
Definitive conclusions concerning the impact of exercise interventions on children’s mental functioning are difficult to ascertain because of procedural differences among studies. A narrative review of studies was conducted to evaluate the role of two types of exercise interventions on children’s cognition. Acute and chronic exercise interventions were classified as quantitative or qualitat…
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytic measures, the evidence regarding the optimal exercise intensity at which improvements in speed of cognitive function are triggered. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the catecholamine, lactate, and ventilatory thresholds is the point at which significant improvements in speed of cognitive function are observed. Methods…
Since the 1960’s, hundreds of articles have been published on the effects of exercise on cognition and more recently on executive functions. A large variety of effects have been observed: acute or long-lasting, facilitating or debilitating. Several theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain these effects with plausible mechanisms. However, as yet none of these models has succeeded i…