Ditapis dengan
A functional–structural model for radiata pine (Pinus radiata) focusing on …
Backgrounds and Aims Functional–structural models are interesting tools to relate environmental and management conditions with forest growth. Their three-dimensional images can reveal important characteristics of wood used for industrial products. Like virtual laboratories, they can be used to evaluate relationships among species, sites and management, and to support silvicultural design and …
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- Annals of Botany 108: 1155–1178, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
- No. Panggil
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A functional–structural kiwifruit vine model integrating architecture, carb…
Background and Aims Functional–structural modelling can be used to increase our understanding of how different aspects of plant structure and function interact, identify knowledge gaps and guide priorities for future experimentation. By integrating existing knowledge of the different aspects of the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vine’s architecture and physiology, our aim is to develop co…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 747–764, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A functional–structural model of rice linking quantitative genetic informat…
Background and Aims Although quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of yield-related traits for rice has developed rapidly, crop models using genotype information have been proposed only relatively recently. As a first step towards a generic genotype–phenotype model, we present here a three-dimensional functional–structural plant model (FSPM) of rice, in which some model parameters are cont…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 817–828, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A functional–structural modelling approach to autoregulation of nodulation
Background and Aims Autoregulation of nodulation is a long-distance shoot–root signalling regulatory system that regulates nodule meristem proliferation in legume plants. However, due to the intricacy and subtleness of the signalling nature in plants, molecular and biochemical details underlying mechanisms of autoregulation of nodulation remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 855–863, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A double-flowered variety of lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor fl. pl.) that has…
Background and Aims Homeotic transitions are usually dismissed by population geneticists as credible modes of evolution due to their assumed negative impact on fitness. However, several lines of evidence suggest that such changes in organ identity have played an important role during the origin and subsequent evolution of the angiosperm flower. Better understanding of the performance of wild po…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 1445–1452, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A cytochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of the wall labyrinth apparatu…
Background and Aims Transfer cells are plant cells specialized in apoplast/symplast transport and characterized by a distinctive wall labyrinth apparatus. The molecular architecture and biochemistry of the labyrinth apparatus are poorly known. The leaf lamina in the aquatic angiosperm Elodea canadensis consists of only two cell layers, with the abaxial cells developing as transfer cells. The pr…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 717–722, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A comparative analysis of leaf shape of wheat, barley and maize using an empi…
Background and Aims The phenotypes of grasses show differences depending on growth conditions and ontogenetic stage. Understanding these responses and finding suitable mathematical formalizations are an essential part of the development of plant and crop models. Usually, a marked change in architecture between juvenile and adult plants is observed, where dimension and shape of leaves are likely…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 865–873, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A commentary on the G2/M transition of the plant cell cycle
Background The complex events of mitosis rely on precise timing and on immaculate preparation for their success, but the G2/M transition in the plant cell cycle is currently steeped in controversy and alternative models. Scope In this brief review, the regulation of the G2/M transition in plants is commented on. The extent to which the G2/M transition is phosphoregulated by WEE1 kinase and CD…
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- Annals of Botany 107: 1065–1070, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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A cell-type-specific defect in border cell formation in the Acacia mangium ro…
Background and Aims Root caps release border cells, which play central roles in microbe interaction and root protection against soil stresses. However, the number and connectivity of border cells differ widely among plant species. Better understanding of key border-cell phenotype across species will help define the total function of border cells and associated genes. Methods The spatio-tempora…
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- Annals of Botany 108: 279–290, 2011
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Wood identification of Dalbergia nigra (CITES Appendix I) using quantitative …
Background and Aims Dalbergia nigra is one of the most valuable timber species of its genus, having been traded for over 300 years. Due to over-exploitation it is facing extinction and trade has been banned under CITES Appendix I since 1992. Current methods, primarily comparative wood anatomy, are inadequate for conclusive species identification. This study aims to find a set of anatomical cha…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 45–56, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Window of opportunity: an episode of recruitment in a Banksia hybrid zone dem…
Background and Aims In perennial plants (especially post-fire resprouters), extant populations may reflect recruitment events in the distant past. This is true of hybrid zones formed by two Banksia species of swamps and woodlands in south-eastern Australia, Banksia robur and B. oblongifolia. Both resprout after fire but recruitment is dependent on periodic fires. Although plants of intermediate…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 419–429, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Warm spring temperatures induce persistent season-long changes in shoot devel…
Background and Aims The influence of temperature on the timing of budbreak in woody perennials is well known, but its effect on subsequent shoot growth and architecture has received little attention because it is understood that growth is determined by current temperature. Seasonal shoot development of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) was evaluated following differences in temperature near budbreak…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 131–141, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Vernalization response of Phleum pratense and its relationships to stem ligni…
Background Timothy is a long-day grass species well adapted for cultivation in northern latitudes. It produces elongating tillers not only in spring growth but also later in summer. As the quantity and quality of harvested biomass is dictated by canopy architecture and the proportion of stem-forming flowering tillers, the regulation of flowering is of great interest in forage grass production. …
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- Annals of Botany 106: 697–707, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Verhuellia is a segregate lineage in Piperaceae: more evidence from flower, f…
Background and Aims The perianthless Piperales, i.e. Saururaceae and Piperaceae, have simple reduced flowers strikingly different from the other families of the order (e.g. Aristolochiaceae). Recent molecular phylogenies proved Verhuellia to be the first branch in Piperaceae, making it a promising subject to study the detailed structure and development of the flowers. Based on recently collecte…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 677–688, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Variation of seed heteromorphism in Chenopodium album and the effect of salin…
Background and Aims Chenopodium album is well-known as a serious weed and is a salt-tolerant species inhabiting semi-arid and light-saline environments in Xinjiang, China. It produces large amounts of heteromorphic (black and brown) seeds. The primary aims of the present study were to compare the germination characteristics of heteromorphic seeds, the diversity of plant growth and seed prolifer…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 1015–1025, 2010
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- Annals of Botany
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Understanding the germination of bulbils from an ecological perspective: a ca…
Background and Aims Bulbils serve as a means of vegetative reproduction and of dispersal for many plants; this latter aspect making them analogous to seeds. However, germination of bulbils may differ considerably from seeds due to dissimilar anatomical structures and perhaps environmental cue perception. The few laboratory studies done on bulbils suggest that their germination is similar to tha…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 945–955, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Trap closure and prey retention in Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) temporar…
Background and Aims The carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) produces a rosette of leaves: each leaf is divided into a lower part called the lamina and an upper part, the trap, with sensory trigger hairs on the adaxial surface. The trap catches prey by very rapid closure, within a fraction of a second of the trigger hairs being touched twice. Generation of action potentials plays…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 37–44, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression in response to a…
Background and Aims Aluminium (Al) resistance in common bean is known to be due to exudation of citrate from the root after a lag phase, indicating the induction of gene transcription and protein synthesis. The aims of this study were to identify Al-induced differentially expressed genes and to analyse the expression of candidate genes conferring Al resistance in bean. Methods The suppression…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 1119–1128, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The uneven phylogeny and biogeography of Erodium (Geraniaceae): radiations in…
Background and Aims The genus Erodium is a common feature of Mediterranean-type climates throughout the world, but the Mediterranean Basin has significantly higher diversity than other areas. The aim here is to reveal the biogeographical history of the genus and the causes behind the evolution of the uneven distribution. Methods Seventy-eight new nrITS sequences were incorporated with existin…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 871–884, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The spatial expression and regulation of transcription factors IDEF1 and IDEF2
Background and Aims Under conditions of low iron availability, rice plants induce genes involved in iron uptake and utilization. The iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element binding factors 1 and 2 (IDEF1 and IDEF2) regulate transcriptional response to iron deficiency in rice roots. Clarification of the functions of IDEF1 and IDEF2 could uncover the gene regulation mechanism. Methods Spa…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 1109–1117, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The role of the root apoplast in aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongat…
Background Aluminium (Al) toxicity is the most important soil constraint for plant growth and development in acid soils. The mechanism of Al-induced inhibition of root elongation is still not well understood, and it is a matter of debate whether the primary lesions of Al toxicity are apoplastic or symplastic. Scope The present review focuses on the role of the apoplast in Al toxicity and resis…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 185–197, 2010
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- Annals of Botany
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The role of the persistent fruit wall in seed water regulation in Raphanus ra…
Background and Aims Dry fruits remain around the seeds at dispersal in a number of species, especially the Brassicaceae. Explanations for this vary, but usually involve mechanisms of innate dormancy. We speculate that, instead, a persistent fruit may give additional protection through control of dehydration, to species growing in arid or Mediterranean environments where water is sporadic. Me…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 101–108, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The role of plant traits and their plasticity in the response of pasture gras…
Background and Aims Although plant functional traits (PFTs) appear to be important indicators of species’ responses to land use changes, there is no clear understanding of how the variations in traits and their plasticity determine variations in species performance. This study investigated the role of functional shoot traits and their plasticity for variation in above-ground net primary produ…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 957–965, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The progamic phase of an early-divergent angiosperm, Annona cherimola (Annona…
Background and Aims Recent studies of reproductive biology in ancient angiosperm lineages are beginning to shed light on the early evolution of flowering plants, but comparative studies are restricted by fragmented and meagre species representation in these angiosperm clades. In the present study, the progamic phase, from pollination to fertilization, is characterized in Annona cherimola, which…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 221–231, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The interface between metabolic and stress signalling
Background It is becoming increasingly clear that stress and metabolic signalling networks interact and that this interaction is important in plant responses to herbivory, pathogen attack, drought, cold, heat and osmotic stresses including salinity. At the interface between these two major signalling systems are the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and signalling factors including protein kinases an…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 197–203, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The influence of tetrad shape and intersporal callose wall formation on polle…
Background and Aims In flowering plants, microsporogenesis is accompanied by various types of cytoplasmic partitioning (cytokinesis). Patterns of male cytokinesis are suspected to play a role in the diversity of aperture patterns found in pollen grains of angiosperms. The relationships between intersporal wall formation, tetrad shape and pollen aperture pattern ontogeny are studied. Methods A…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 557–564, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The infection processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in cotyledon tissue of a …
Background and Aims Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can attack .400 plant species worldwide. Very few studies have investigated host–pathogen interactions at the plant surface and cellular level in resistant genotypes of oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus). Methods Infection processes of S. sclerotiorum were examined on two B. napus genotypes, one resistant cultivar ‘Charlton’ and one suscept…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 897–908, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The impact of plant and flower age on mating patterns
Background Over a season, plant condition, amount of ongoing reproduction and biotic and abiotic environmental factors vary. As flowers age, flower condition and amount of pollen donated and received also vary. These internal and external changes are significant for fitness if they result in changes in reproduction and mating. Scope Literature from several fields was reviewed to provide a pict…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 7–22, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The genetics of domestication of rice bean, Vigna umbellata
Background and Aims The Asian genus Vigna, to which four cultivated species (rice bean, azuki bean, mung bean and black gram) belong, is suitable for comparative genomics. The aims were to construct a genetic linkage map of rice bean, to identify the genomic regions associated with domestication in rice bean, and to compare these regions with those in azuki bean. Methods A genetic linkage map…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 927–944, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The fire ephemeral Tersonia cyathiflora (Gyrostemonaceae) germinates in respo…
Background and Aims Tersonia cyathiflora (Gyrostemonaceae) is a fire ephemeral with an obligate requirement for smoke to germinate. Whether it is stimulated to germinate by 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (karrikinolide, KAR1), the butenolide isolated from smoke that stimulates the germination of many other smokeresponsive species, is tested. Methods Seeds of T. cyathiflora were buried in a…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 381–384, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The effects of salinity and osmotic stress on barley germination rate: sodium…
Background and Aims Seed germination is negatively affected by salinity, which is thought to be due to both osmotic and ion-toxicity effects. We hypothesize that salt is absorbed by seeds, allowing them to generate additional osmotic potential, and to germinate in conditions under which they would otherwise not be able to germinate. Methods Seeds of barley, Hordeum vulgare, were germinated in …
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- Annals of Botany 106: 1027–1035, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The base number of ‘loxoscaphoid’ Asplenium species and its implication f…
Background and Aims ‘Loxoscaphoid’ Asplenium species are morphologically a remarkably distinct group of Aspleniaceae. Except for two preliminary chromosome counts of Asplenium theciferum, the cytology of this group of species has, however, been largely unstudied. Methods Chromosome counts were obtained by acetocarmine squash preparations of one mitotic cell and several meiotic cells. Re…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 157–171, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The AUX1 LAX family of auxin influx carriers is required for the establishmen…
Background and Aims The root meristem of the Arabidopsis thaliana mature embryo is a highly organized structure in which individual cell shape and size must be regulated in co-ordination with the surrounding cells. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the AUX1 LAX family of auxin import carriers during the establishment of the embryonic root cell pattern. Methods The radi…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 277–289, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The ameliorative effect of silicon on soybean seedlings grown in potassium-de…
Background and Aims Crop yield and nutritional quality are significantly reduced when potassium (K) in soil is deficient. As a beneficial element for plants, silicon (Si) is effective in alleviating the toxic effects of mineral nutrients. However, the roles played by Si in mediating deficiency in essential mineral nutrients in general and K in particular have not been investigated. Methods To …
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- Annals of Botany 105: 967–973, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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The adaptive value of functional and life-history traits across fertility tre…
Background and Aims Plant functional traits are assumed to be adaptive. As selection acts on individuals and not on traits, interpreting the adaptive value of a trait not may be straightforward. For example, productive leaves are associated with fertile environments. However, it is not clear if productive leaves confer an advantage in these habitats, or if they are an advantage as part of a sui…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 979–988, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Synorganisation without organ fusion in the flowers of Geranium robertianum (…
Background and Aims Synorganisation of floral organs, an important means in angiosperm flower evolution, is mostly realized by congenital or post-genital organ fusion. Intimate synorganisation of many floral organs without fusion, as present in Geranium robertianum, is poorly known and needs to be studied. Obdiplostemony, the seemingly reversed position of two stamen whorls, widely distributed…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 687–695, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Sucrose feeding reverses shade-induced kernel losses in maize
Background and Aims Water limitations can inhibit photosynthesis and change gene expression in ways that diminish or prevent reproductive development in plants. Sucrose fed to the plants can reverse the effects. To test whether the reversal acts generally by replacing the losses from photosynthesis, sucrose was fed to the stems of shaded maize plants (Zea mays) during reproductive development.…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 395–403, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Successive silencing of tandem reporter genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum) o…
Background and Aims Transgenic plants represent an excellent tool for experimental plant biology and are an important component of modern agriculture. Fully understanding the stability of transgene expression is critical in this regard. Most changes in transgene expression occur soon after transformation and thus unwanted lines can be discarded easily; however, transgenes can be silenced long a…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 565–572, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Structural colour and iridescence in plants: the poorly studied relations of …
Background Colour is a consequence of the optical properties of an object and the visual system of the animal perceiving it. Colour is produced through chemical and structural means, but structural colour has been relatively poorly studied in plants. Scope This Botanical Briefing describes the mechanisms by which structures can produce colour. In plants, as in animals, the most common mechanis…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 505–511, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Stomatal vs. genome size in angiosperms: the somatic tail wagging the genomic…
Background and Aims Genome size is a function, and the product, of cell volume. As such it is contingent on ecological circumstance. The nature of ‘this ecological circumstance’ is, however, hotly debated. Here, we investigate for angiosperms whether stomatal size may be this ‘missing link’: the primary determinant of genome size. Stomata are crucial for photosynthesis and their size af…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 573–584, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Stereological estimation of cell wall density of DR12 tomato mutant using thr…
Background and Aims The cellular structure of fleshy fruits is of interest to study fruit shape, size, mechanical behaviour or sensory texture. The cellular structure is usually not observed in the whole fruit but, instead, in a sample of limited size and volume. It is therefore difficult to extend measurements to the whole fruit and/or to a specific genotype, or to describe the cellular struct…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 265–276, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Stem hypertrophic lenticels and secondary aerenchyma enable oxygen transport …
Background and Aims Aerenchyma provides a low-resistance O2 transport pathway that enhances plant survival during soil flooding. When in flooded soil, soybean produces aerenchyma and hypertrophic stem lenticels. The aims of this study were to investigate O2 dynamics in stem aerenchyma and evaluate O2 supply via stem lenticels to the roots of soybean during soil flooding. Methods Oxygen dynamic…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 277–284, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Spikelet structure and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae): a monopodial …
Background and Aims In Cyperoideae, one of the two subfamilies in Cyperaceae, unresolved homology questions about spikelets remained. This was particularly the case in taxa with distichously organized spikelets and in Cariceae, a tribe with complex compound inflorescences comprising male (co)florescences and deciduous female single-flowered lateral spikelets. Using ontogenetic techniques, a wid…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 555–571, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Species-richness patterns of the living collections of the world’s botanic …
Background and Aims The botanic gardens of the world are now unmatched ex situ collections of plant biodiversity. They mirror two biogeographical patterns ( positive diversity–area and diversity–age relationships) but differ from nature with a positive latitudinal gradient in their richness. Whether these relationships can be explained by socio-economic factors is unknown. Methods Species …
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- Annals of Botany 105: 689–696, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Speciation genes in plants
Background Analyses of speciation genes – genes that contribute to the cessation of gene flow between populations – can offer clues regarding the ecological settings, evolutionary forces and molecular mechanisms that drive the divergence of populations and species. This review discusses the identities and attributes of genes that contribute to reproductive isolation (RI) in plants, compares…
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- Annals of Botany 106: 439–455, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Spatial regulation of cell-wall structure in response to heavy metal stress: …
Background and Aims In flax hypocotyls, cadmium-induced reorientation of growth coincides with marked changes in homogalacturonan (HGA) epitopes that were recognized by JIM7 and JIM5 antibodies in the external tangential wall of the epidermis. In the present study, LM7 and 2F4 monoclonal antibodies were used, in addition to JIM5 and JIM7, to extend the investigation on the methyl-esterificatio…
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- Annals of Botany 105: 481–491, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Sources of variation in self-incompatibility in the Australian forest tree, E…
Background and Aims One of the major factors affecting the outcrossing rate in Eucalyptus globulus is thought to be the inherent self-incompatibility (SI) level of the female tree. SI in this species is mainly due to late-acting pre- and post-zygotic mechanisms operating in the ovary, and not S alleles. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic variation in SI levels within E. globulus and dete…
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- Deskripsi Fisik
- Annals of Botany 105: 737–745, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
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Size-dependent leaf area ratio in plant twigs: implication for leaf size opti…
Background and Aims Although many hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in leaf size, the mechanism underlying the variation remains not fully understood. To help understand leaf size variation, the cost/benefit of twig size was analysed, since, according to Corner’s rule, twig size is positively correlated with the size of appendages the twig bears. Methods An extensive survey…
- Edisi
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- ISBN/ISSN
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- Deskripsi Fisik
- Annals of Botany 105: 71–77, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
- No. Panggil
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Size matters for violent discharge height and settling speed of Sphagnum spor…
Background and Aims Initial release height and settling speed of diaspores are biologically controlled components which are key to modelling wind dispersal. Most Sphagnum (peat moss) species have explosive spore liberation. In this study, how capsule and spore sizes affect the height to which spores are propelled were measured, and how spore size and spore number of discharged particles relate …
- Edisi
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- ISBN/ISSN
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- Deskripsi Fisik
- Annals of Botany 105: 291–300, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
- No. Panggil
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Seven of eight species in Nicotiana section Suaveolentes have common factors …
Background and Aims Reproductive isolation is a mechanism that separates species, and is classified into two types: prezygotic and postzygotic. Inviability of hybrids, or hybrid lethality, is a type of postzygotic isolation and is observed in some plant species, including Nicotiana species. Previous work has shown that the Q chromosome, which belongs to the S subgenome of N. tabacum, encodes on…
- Edisi
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- ISBN/ISSN
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- Deskripsi Fisik
- Annals of Botany 106: 267–276, 2010
- Judul Seri
- Annals of Botany
- No. Panggil
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