The social control of cities? : a comparative perspective

In the past three decades there have been dramatic changes in the fortunes of cities and regions, in beliefs about the role of markets and states in society, and in the theories used by social scientists to account for these changes. Many of the cities experiencing crisis in the 1970s have undergone revitalization, while others have continued to decline. In Europe and North America new pol…

Cities and visitors : regulating people, markets, and city space

This book had its genesis in a research collective, the International Tourism Research Group (ITRG), funded by the Council for European Studies. Although tourism had become an increasingly important sector of the global economy and shaper of cities, scholarship had yet to treat it with the seriousness accorded to other urban topics. Our aim was to place tourism within a theoretical perspective …

Impact of Information Society Research in the Global South

The contributors to this volume make a crucial and forceful point. There are numerous theories and methodologies that can be used to yield research findings about the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to make a positive difference in people’s lives. Whether the findings in any particular research project actually contribute in this way depends on multiple factors,…

Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia

Edisi

-

ISBN/ISSN

9789812874207

Deskripsi Fisik

xi, 314 hlm.

Judul Seri

Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being

No. Panggil

362 Pov

Kalimantan’s biodiversity:developing accounting models to prevent its econo…

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explore the current and historical state of accounting for biodiversity in Kalimantan (Borneo). It is also to evaluate various models for stand-alone biodiversity reporting in the context of the work undertaken in Kalimantan by the United Nations Collaborative Program on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries (…

Essentials of Social Research

Essentials of Social Research is a short basic primer on social research methodology that will provide straightforward, clear answers to the key questions in research methods, such as: What are the components of scientific analysis? What is grounded theory? What constitutes a causal explanation? How believable are particular research findings? As an introductory primer, the book covers types of…

Promoting Social Dialogue in European Organizations : Human Resources Managem…

Disseminating cutting edge theories and empirical research in the field of industrial relations and conflict management, from an interdisciplinary approach, and firmly based in theories on human ehaviour in relation to work and organizations. Formally the series will publish monographs and contributed or edited volumes from leading psychology scholars. Specifically, the series integrates theori…

Sociocultural Systems: Principles of Structure and Change

A preface generally tells the story of how a book came into being. This particular book is rooted in my previous work in macrosociology: notably, two earlier books in which I summarize the work of the big four in nineteenth-century sociology—Spencer, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber—and of contemporary theorists who write in the tradition of these founders. In writing these books, I not only lear…

‘O Effeminacy! Effeminacy!’ War, masculinity and the myth of liberal peace

Abstract This article challenges a received wisdom in the liberal peace thesis, namely that the roots of the conjunction of liberalism and peace can be traced back to the idea of an essentially pacific commercial civil society in the 18th-century Scottish Enlightenment. The article instead shows that the Scottish Enlightenment was committed to the idea of military virtue. Textual analysis …

Modeling Employee Social Responsibility as an Antecedent to Competitiveness O…

Abstract. The study explained a model of employee social responsibility (ESR) as an antecedent to corporate competitiveness. It hypothesizes that ESR has significant effect on employee competitiveness (EC). Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 700 employees selected from a population of 5,595 from 20 classified hotels in the coastal region of Kenya using proportionate and systematic…

The Cultivation of a Prosocial Value Orientation Through Community Service: A…

Community service is widely regarded as a fundamental experience in preparation for good citizenship, but it remains unclear whether common variants of service are consequential for civic outcomes. This study examines changes in the relative importance assigned to prosocial and egoistic values associated with service through different types of organizations, service prompted by external contin…

Social Work in the Engaged University

This article identifies the importance of educating social work studetits and enlisting social work faculty to embrace the university-commutiity engagement arena as a critical subñeld of commutiity practice. Through the letis of social work knowledge, values, atid skills, the authors present three case studies of social workers who are working in the university-community field. The authors off…

Who Can Buy Happiness? Personality Traits Moderate the Effects of Stable Inco…

Abstract. The present research tested whether the Big Five personality dimensions—extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience—moderate the effects of income on life satisfaction. The authors analyzed data from three large-sample, nationally representative, longitudinal studies: the British Household Panel Survey, the German Socio-Economic Panel S…

When to Use Your Head and When to Use Your Heart: The Differential Value of P…

Abstract. Four studies explored whether perspective-taking and empathy would be differentially effective in mixed-motive competitions depending on whether the critical skills for success were more cognitively or emotionally based. Study 1 demonstrated that individual differences in perspective-taking, but not empathy, predicted increased distributive and integrative performance in a multiple-r…

When Feeling Bad Can Be Good: Mixed Emotions Benefit Physical Health Across A…

Abstract. Traditional models of emotion–health interactions have emphasized the deleterious effects of negative emotions on physical health. More recently, researchers have turned to potential benefits of positive emotions on physical health as well. Both lines of research, though, neglect the complex interplay between positive and negative emotions and how this interplay affects physical we…

When Do We Ostracize?

Abstract. Ostracism is a common, yet painful social experience. Given the harmful consequences of ostracism, why would groups ostracize their members? Previous research suggests that ostracism is a form of social control used to influence those group members perceived as burdensome. The authors propose that individuals will ostracize a group member only when it is justified (i.e., the member s…

Washing One’s Hands After Failure Enhances Optimism but Hampers Future Perf…

Abstract. Previous studies showed that washing one’s hand not only removes dirt from the body, it also weakens one’s guilt after immoral behavior, makes moral judgment of others’ misdeeds less severe, reduces post-decisional dissonance effects, and can help wash off bad luck. The present study broadens this scope by investigating the psychological impact of physical cleansing in a perfor…

Tribal Resistance Movements and the Politics of Development- Induced Displace…

Abstract. The article is a study of two tribal movements based on development-induced displacements in contemporary Orissa. In fact, all the two micro-movement studies are resistance movements against mining based heavy metal industries, e.g. against the Utkal Alumina International Ltd. (UAIL) at Kashipur and against the Vedanta Aluminium Ltd. (VAL) at Lanjigarh. Based on both primary and …

The Use of Visual and Verbal Means of Communication Across Psychological Dist…

Abstract. The current study investigated the effect of distance on medium preferences in interpersonal communication. Five experiments showed that people’s preference for using pictures (vs. words) is increasingly higher when communicating with temporally, socially, or geographically proximal (vs. distal) others. In contrast, preference for words is increasingly higher when communicating wit…

The Sweet Taste of Success: The Presence of Glucose in the Oral Cavity Modera…

Abstract. According to the resource-depletion model, self-control is a limited resource that is depleted after a period of exertion. Evidence consistent with this model indicates that self-control relies on glucose metabolism and glucose supplementation to depleted individuals replenishes self-control resources. In five experiments, we tested an alternative hypothesis that glucose in the oral …

The Prospective Effect of Life Satisfaction on Life Events

Abstract. Life satisfaction (LS) is prospectively associated with the occurrence of several major events in work and family life. Analyzing longitudinal data from three nationally representative panel studies (Ns between 2,321 and 18,692), the authors found that higher LS is associated with a higher likelihood of marriage and childbirth, and with a lower likelihood of marital separation, job l…

The Burden of Being ‘‘Employable’’: Underpaid and Unpaid Work and Wom…

Abstract. In the study presented here, we examined factors that shape women’s employability and their impact on women’s subjective health and well-being in four British Columbian communities. Although the economic contexts of the urban, rural, remote, and reserve communities were diverse, they intersected with gender roles and cultural norms to provide a picture of women’s employabil…

Testosterone’s Negative Relationship With Empathic Accuracy and Perceived L…

Abstract. Two studies examine the relationship between naturally occurring levels of circulating testosterone and empathic accuracy. In Study 1, the authors find that higher endogenous levels of testosterone are negatively related to the accuracy with which people infer the thoughts and feelings of others. In Study 2, the authors use 360 data collected in the field to show that individuals wit…

Swaraj as Blossoming: Compassion, Confrontation and a New Art of Integration

Abstract. The article seeks a new way of co-walking with Gandhi and his epochal Hind Swaraj. It seeks to reconstitute and realize Swaraj not only as self-rule but also as blossoming of self, other and the world. An uncritical and mechanical rendering of Swaraj as self-rule does not address the problem that self-rule is not always accompanied by visions and practices of co-determination, co…

Succeeding in the Face of Stereotype Threat: The Adaptive Role of Engagement …

Abstract. Two experiments examined Engagement Regulation, the systematic increase or decrease of self-esteem engagement in a domain following positive or negative outcomes, respectively. We hypothesized that, under threat, more positive outcomes increase engagement, and greater engagement augments the influence of subsequent outcomes on self-esteem and performance. Female participants complete…

Spiritual Liberals and Religious Conservatives

Abstract. While church and state are officially separated in many Western nations, there is nonetheless a great deal of overlap between the religious beliefs and political orientations of individual citizens. Religious individuals tend to be more conservative, placing a greater emphasis on order, obedience, and tradition. While many religious movements emphasize conservative values, there also…

Skewed Sex Ratio and Migrant Brides in Haryana: Reflections from the Field

Abstract. A significant social consequence of the prevailing skewed sex ratio in some of the prosperous regions of India is a shortage of marriageable women which is resulting in the ‘import’ of brides from relatively poorer regions. In the northern state of Haryana, which has one of the lowest female to male sex ratios, a substantial number of men have acquired poor women as brides fr…

Searching for the Limits and Explanations of the Nonselective Superiority Bias

Abstract. Three experiments were conducted to test the robustness and explanations of the Nonselective Superiority Bias (NSSB), whereby any randomly selected item from a positive category is rated more favorably when compared with a cohesive group of other exemplars from the same category. Having participants rank order all exemplars prior to making a direct comparative rating did not reduce t…

Reservation and Women’s Political Freedom: Candidates’ Experience from Th…

Abstract. Based on the capability approach, this article tries to see the implications of reservation policy on the political freedom of women in Kerala. Using a primary survey of candidates in a recent panchayat election in Malappuram district of Kerala it establishes the role of reservation in bringing many educated young women into local politics and decision-making bodies. It also refl…

Person and Thing Orientations: Psychological Correlates and Predictive Utility

Abstract. Individuals differ in their orientation toward the people and things in their environment. This has consequences for important life choices. The authors review 15 studies on Person and Thing Orientations (PO-TO) using data from 7,450 participants to establish the nature of the constructs, their external correlates, and their predictive utility. These findings suggest that these two o…

Perceived Stigmatization, Ingroup Pride, and Immune and Endocrine Activity: E…

Abstract. Racial disparities are a major public health concern in the United States. The authors examined whether Black and Latina community members’ perceptions of stigmatization and personal feelings about their group relate to immune and endocrine markers associated with health risk, including the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), which coordinates the immune response to infection, the anabo…

New Trends in Globalisation: An Examination of the Brazilian Case

Abstract. This analysis looks at the role of Wal-Mart in Brazil by using glocalisation theory. Glocalisation refers to the strategies and practices adopted by transnational corporations to cater to local cultures and customs. In the case of Wal-Mart in Brazil, it unsuccessfully attempted to impose the US strategy of management practices, employee standards, low wages, EDLP (every-day-low p…

New Challenges to Social Measurement

Abstract. Surveys are the principal source of data not only for social science, but for consumer research, political polling, and federal statistics. In response to social and technological trends, rates of survey nonresponse have risen markedly in recent years, prompting observers to worry about the continued validity of surveys as a tool for data gathering. This introductory article sets the…

More Than a Lack of Control: External Explanations Can Evoke Compassion for O…

Abstract. People’s explanations for social events powerfully affect their socioemotional responses. We examine why explanations affect emotions, with a specific focus on how external explanations for negative aspects of an outgroup can create compassion for the outgroup. The dominant model of these processes suggests that external explanations can reduce perceived control and that compassion…

Mate Preferences Across Life and Across the World

Abstract. A body of research has demonstrated that people adopt a more interpersonally positive orientation as they age. The current study extends this line of research by examining how mate preferences shift as a function of age. Our worldwide sample rated their attraction to various photographs and completed self-report measures of attraction. Based on a revealed preference measure, the auth…

Latent-Variable Approaches to the Jamesian Model of Importance-Weighted Averages

Abstract. The individually importance-weighted average (IIWA) model posits that the contribution of specific areas of self-concept to global self-esteem varies systematically with the individual importance placed on each specific component. Although intuitively appealing, this model has weak empirical support; thus, within the framework of a substantive-methodological synergy, we propose a mul…

Interpreting a Helping Hand: Cultural Variation in the Effectiveness of Solic…

Abstract. Research has shown that Asians/Asian Americans are less likely to seek social support to deal with stressful situations than European Americans. Two studies examined the effectiveness of two types of social support: support that is sought directly (solicited support) and support received without prompting from the recipient (unsolicited support). It was theorized that receiving unsol…

Goals Can Be Threatened to Extinction: Using the Stroop Task to Clarify Worki…

Abstract. Consensus is building that stereotype threat interferes with working memory, but how so? Grounded in the dual-process framework of Kane and Engle, the authors examined the extent to which stereotype threat interferes with one’s ability to maintain task goals in working memory and one’s ability to choose between conflicting responses. One hundred eighty-seven Montana State Univers…

Framed, Damned, Acquitted: Dossiers of a ‘Very’ Special Cell

Abstract. The cases reveal deep-seated and systemic malaise in the criminal justice system owing to which fabrication and frame-ups of innocents, identified and targeted mostly on communal basis, has become routine. The cases cited in the report only justify the demand for a National Commission of Enquiry to document and investi- gate the number of such cases across the country. A comprehens…

Energizing and De-Motivating Effects of Norm-Conflict

Abstract. Norms have a pervasive influence on behavior, yet previous research has not addressed that people often face conflicting norms from multiple ingroups. The current research addresses this gap in the context of proenvironmental behavior and demonstrates two effects predicted by the novel theoretical position we offer: People can be de-motivated by norm-conflict, or conversely, norm-con…

CAD Revisited: Effects of the Word Moral on the Moral Relevance of Disgust (a…

Abstract. The CAD model posits a mapping of contempt, anger, and disgust onto the moral codes of community, autonomy, and divinity, respectively. A recent study by Hutcherson and Gross posited moral disgust as the dominant other-condemning emotion across all three moral codes. However, the methodology used may have incidentally increased the relevance of disgust. In the current experiment, one…

Blinding Trust: The Effect of Perceived Group Victimhood on Intergroup Trust

Abstract. Four studies investigate how perceptions that one’s social group has been victimized in society—that is, perceived group victimhood (PGV)—influence intergroup trust. Jewish and politically conservative participants played an economic trust game ostensibly with “partners” from their ingroup and/or a salient outgroup. Across studies, participants dispositionally or primed to …

The Contribution of an Inter-disciplinary Approach to Studying Development

Abstract. This article argues in favour of establishing complementary relations between different disciplines of studying development in order to reach the desired goal of human development. It also emphasises that due to separate line of actions of different sectors of social sciences, human development goals are far- reaching. Every discipline has significant contribution in the development …

Entertainment Education and Social Change. The Communicative Dynamics of Soci…

Abstract. This study explored processes of social change initiated by an entertainment education radio programme in India, Taru, which led to certain socially desirable effects in four villages in Bihar state. Data was collected primarily in the form of in-depth individual and focus group interviews, participant observation, and the design and implementation of a participatory theatre produ…

Electronic Networks, Enhanced State Surveillance and the Ironies of Control

Abstract. The article begins by mapping the worldwide surge of state network surveillance initiatives that has occurred over the last decade or so. Invariably, the rationale for these initiatives include the claim that they will curb crime and/or terrorism. Focusing on the US context, it is argued that the proliferation of state network surveillance initiatives has resulted in a substantial…

A Prospective Study of Mexican American Adolescents’ Academic Success: Cons…

Mexican American youth are at greater risk of school failure than their peers. To identify factors that may contribute to academic success in this population, this study examined the prospective elationships from 5th grade to 7th grade of family (i.e., human capital [a parent with at least a high school education], residential stability, academically and occupationally positive family role mode…

A Longitudinal Path Analysis of Peer Victimization, Threat Appraisals to the …

Threat appraisals—individuals’ perceptions of how stressful situations may threaten their well-being—are an important but understudied mechanism that could explain links between peer victimization and adjustment. The goal of the present study was to examine relationships between physical and relational victimization by peers, threats to the self, and aggression, anxiety, and depression t…

A Comparison of Adolescents Engaging in Self-Injurious Behaviors With and Wit…

Research comparing adolescents engaging in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), both separately and in combination, is still at an early stage. The purpose of the present study was to examine overlapping and distinguishable features in groups with different types of self-injurious behaviors, using a large community sample of 2,964 (50.6 % female) Swedish adolescents aged 15–17 years…

Social Workers' Attitudes Toward Older Adults: A Review of the Literature

Ageist attitudes toward older adults have been recognized as barriers to recruiting and training competent social workers. This article provides a systematic review of the literature that focused on social workers' and social work students' attitudes toward older adults and working with older adults. The authors sought empirical studies that used an attitudinal measure of ageism with a social w…

Differentiation of Self and Social Justice Commitment Mediated by Hope

This study tested a theoretical model of hope mediating the relationship between differentiation of self and social justice commitment among graduate students (N = 202) in the helping professions. The theory was based primarily on the social justice philosophies of Martin Luther King Jr., Cornel West, and Paulo Freire using a cultural psychology approach. Results generally supported the theore…