The physical vacuum affects not only the natural processes in deep space but also identifies the key features of the structure of ordinary matter. This sphere of work intersects the fields of chemistry and biology. The condition of the objective existence of elementary particles and the objectivity of quantum measurements require the presence of real physical analogues of clocks and lines that …
This paper discussed effects of lowland-associated influences on upland ecology, food security and biocultural diversity in the Sarangani farming communities of the Philippines. In the uplands of Sarangani Province, the conservation of traditional rice varieties, the centrality of rice in tribal life, and the continued observance of planting rituals attest to its cultural significance and conve…
Toxicity-data of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, and three fungicides,ziram, zineb and mancozeb with rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp., obtained by in vitro growth and at soil-water interface, were analyzed by the probit method. Growth enhancing concentration, no-observed effective concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration, the highest permissive…
A number of 26 fungal cultures were isolated from different phosphatic sources, including phosphate fertilizers and rock phosphate. The highest number and percentage of isolates were obtained from tri-phosphate fertilizer and rock phosphate samples (9 isolates with 34.6% for each sample) and then 8 isolates with 30.8% from monophosphate fertilizer. These isolates were tested for heavy metals bi…
The water-energy-food nexus is a concept increasingly being used with reference to integrated decision-making across sectors.Action in one area will impact one or both of the other areas. Sustainable development and growth can be achieved by better management of the world’s ecosystems and a more strategic use of water, land and other natural resources. Water, energy and food resources are not…
We explore processes that enable effective policies and practices for managing the links between water, energy, and food. Three case studies are assessed at different scales in the Mekong River basin, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. We find that there are considerable opportunities for improving outcomes for sustainable development by finding solutions that accommodate multiple objectives in the nexus.…
Water managers around the world are facing challenges when trying to manage water resources sustainably,particularly when confronted with increasing water scarcity. This article examines four river basins in Africa, Asia and Australia, with wide-ranging histories, politics and hydrology, to consider some of the key common challenges faced in very differing hydroclimatic conditions and the appro…
India’s energy policy of subsidized power supply to the agricultural sector has significantly contributed to a high level of dependence on ground water supply for irrigation in rural areas. Stakeholders – energy companies, farmers and other power users – are trapped in a continuous downward spiral of deteriorating power service delivery, near-bankrupt electricity companies,declining groun…
This paper aimed to optimize the technique parameters of tracking buoy by a hydrodynamic method through an experiment on the sea. A survey was created based on the study of technical characters of oil spill tracking buoy to achieve an allweather whole procedure monitoring propose for oil spill by using of satellite positioning communication mode, which can provide an effective technical method …
Compared with traditional on-site oil spill monitoring, the use of remote sensing technology has the macroscopic characteristics,which could quickly and accurately find an oil spill area. Currently, the detection approach of monitoring the phenomenon of marine oil spill are usually divided into two types, which are optical and synthetic aperture radar SAR remote sensing imagery. Among all satel…
In this paper, we compared the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of the synthetic aperture radar in the cases of oil spill and clean sea areas with image samples and determined their thresholds of the NRCS of SAR. we used the NRCS of clean water from the adjacent patches spill area to replace NRCS of oil spill area and retrieval wind field by CMOD5.N and comparison of wind velocity mendi…
This study aims at describing the key role played by polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (polSAR) remotely sensed measurements for oil spill analyses. PolSAR measurements are shown to be useful to the interested user (e.g. local authorities,oil companies, etc.) to effectively manage three different services: surveillance (i.e. detecting illegal oil spills), remediation (i.e.providing in dept…
With the capabilities of all-weather, all-time and wide geography scope, microwave remote sensing has provided an effective monitoring technique for ocean oil spills. This paper analyzed the theoretical basis of oil spill microwave scattering and the existing oil spill scattering model. By using indoor microwave scattering measurement system, the scattering coefficients of the simulated sea wat…
Generally, large marine oil spill accidents should be disposed of by more than one oil spill emergency vessel. Due to the influence of such factors as sea conditions, drifting and diffusion of spilled oil and the configuration of emergency vessels;however, the coordination degree of the operation of on-site emergency vessels is critical to the efficiency and effectiveness of oil spill disposal.…
The Electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) marine oil film recovery technology provides a new disposal method for the thin oil/oil film, such as the Bohai ConocoPhillips oil spill. It is based on the different flow states of oil, air and seawater under the action of electro-magnetic force, gravity, buoyancy and interphase force. In this paper, the currently existing disposal methods on marine thin …
Numerical simulation was used to evaluate the effectiveness of an oil spill response plan developed by Western Canada Marine Response Corporation (WCMRC) for the southwest coast of Canada. The plan was part of the permitting process for a proposed terminal expansion that would result in an increase in tanker traffic. The purpose of this response evaluation was to point the way to the developmen…
Using GC/MS analysis means, distribution of n-alkanes, PAHs, and biomarkers and consistency of diagnostic ratios of different kinds of oil were studied. The results indicate that: (1) Some diagnostic ratios of different oils are not obviously different and may even be consistent. These diagnostic ratios include two n-alkanes diagnostic ratios ((C19+C20)/(C19~C22) and CPI), four terpanes diag…
For the purpose of early discovering of tank zone oil spill accidents and making up the shortfall, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to construct the oil spill risk fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Firstly, the historical data of oil spill accidents in China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) was collected and analyzed, and the questionnaire was conducted to the field s…
A set of sequentially weathered oils residue in sediments collected from Dalian Bay in different time after “7-16” oil spill accident, were analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to analyze the weathering process and evaluated the possibilities of GC-IRMS as a correlation tool in oil spill identification…
With offshore oil and gas towards deepwater, deepwater pipeline oil spill is certainly increasing in the foreseeable future. Therefore, it is a prospective study to investigate deepwater pipeline oil spill emergency repair methods. This paper investigates the overseas and domestic research status on deepwater oil spill emergency repair. Different deepwater pipeline oil spill emergency repair me…
Deepwater pipeline failure may lead to huge economic lost and even environmental pollution. Research on deepwater pipeline emergency repair method is very important for safe marine oil production. This paper discussed deepwater pipeline damages and their patterns first. Then corresponding countermeasures were investigated. The demand analyses of necessary maintain equipment used in repairing wa…
Due to the effect of multiple factors, such as tide, temperature and pressure, deepwater oil spill is greatly different from surface oil spill in terms of behavior and fate. In this paper, according to the deepwater environmental characteristics and oil properties in the South China Sea, we establish a high-resolution hydrodynamic background data field and build a model of deepwater oil spill a…
A multi-grid regional ocean circulation model is established on the basis of ROMS to develop the ocean current forecast system for the South China Sea. The model is first spun up through integration for 15 years with annually cyclic sea surface forcing condition to reach a stationary annually cyclic circulation fields. Then the model is integrated from February 2006 to September 2012 driven by …
This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the China’s HJ-1C SAR satellite with respect to oil spill identification. Six HJ-1C SAR images (S band, VV Pol, StripMap mode, 5 m resolution, Level-2) in a track in December 2012, covering the coastal region of Fujian Province of China, are used in this study.A comparison of the detectability of oil spill in between HJ-1C and Envisat ASAR …
The detection of different thickness of spilled oil film is internationally recognized as one of the difficult problems. Hyperspectral remote sensing data can provide continuous spectrum, and be beneficial for the identification of oil film. The traditional detection method failed to make full use of different spectral characteristics of the oil film, so is unable to improving the identificatio…
Scientific studies have yielded evidence to support the common perception that climatic variables and associated natural resources and human systems are being affected by external forcings. Detection and attribution (D&A) of climate change provides a formal tool to decipher the complex causes of climate change. This work aims to statistically detect such climatic change signals, if any, in the …
Transients can introduce large pressure forces and rapid fluid accelerations in to a water distribution system. These disturbances may result in pump and device failures, system fatigue and pipe ruptures or bursts and even the intrusion of dirty water. Proper analysis of transient and risk factors of existing networks helps in the formulation of low-cost, long-range non-destructive pipe conditi…
Bangalore, the IT capital of India, is one of the fastest growing city of Asia. Rapid urbanization of Bangalore during the last two decades has posed a serious threat to the existence of ecological systems, specifically water bodies which play a crucial part in supporting life. Remote Sensing Satellite images can play a significant role in investigation, dynamic monitoring and planning of natur…
In the wake of changing climate the present water crisis seems to tighten its hold on the Mankind hence water resources estimation is integral part of planning, development and management of water resources of the country and the estimation of water resource is based on several hydrological and meteorological parameters. Rainfall is the main source of the ground and surface water resources. Rec…
Annual weather cycle of India comprises mainly wet and dry periods with monsoonal rains as one of the significant wet periods. All India monsoon rainfall shows strong spatio-temporal variations and large departures from its normal values. It is proposed in this study to document climatological characteristics, fluctuation features and periodic cycles in annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall ser…
Rainfall Variability is one of the key factors that affect agricultural production in any region. Hence the proper understanding of rainfall pattern and its trends may help water resources development and to take decisions for the developmental activities of that place. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the spatial and temporal rainfall variability of Anand district of Gujarat Stat…
A grid based variable density numerical model, SEAWAT-2000 is used to conceptually simulate groundwater flow and transport for a coastal stretch in Karnataka state, India. SEAWAT is a coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS designed to simulate three-dimensional, variable density groundwater flow and multi-species transport. The variable density flow process uses the familiar and well established…
Artificial Neural Network and other soft computing techniques have been widely used for modeling groundwater level changes. Emphasis has been laid by different researches in improving the quality of input data which significantly affects the final model. In this study Genetic Programming (GP) is used to model spatial variation of groundwater in Arjuna Nadhi sub basin region. For a limited list …
The suitability of groundwater quality of 22 wells located in the rural areas surrounding Ingaldhal defunct copper mine in Chithradurga district of Karnataka state was assessed for drinking purpose based on the various water quality parameters. Standard methods for physicochemical analysis of groundwater samples were employed. The results of analysis carried out showed the following concentrati…
Kundapallam watershed is located in Nilgiris District of south India. This ungauged watershed has an areal extension of 14.37 km². There are increasing numbers of rainfall induced landslide occurrences in this area. The causes of rainfall induced landslides require a thorough understanding of runoff characteristics of the watershed. In this respect, the runoff of the study area is estimated wi…
A structured approach based on indicators evaluation technique has been developed as a technical tool to help demarcating the potential groundwater recharge areas. The tool is a generic and can be applied universally. Based on a combination of field experience and expert opinion six measurable indicator parameters viz.,Slope of the ground, Aquifer specific yield, Land and soil cover, Depth to g…
Water is essential for all living beings. It is a major concern to provide water to all. It is a challenge to supply water to all major cities in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Nethravathi River is one of the major sources of water in the region which yields about 1240TMC per year. Nethravathi River has its origins in Western Ghats of Karnataka flowing to a length of 126 Km and jo…
An optimal operation plan has been developed for the reservoirs in Kuttiadi river basin in Kerala using systems approach. A system consists of three reservoirs namely; Banasurasagar in Wayanad district ,Kakkayam and Peruvannamuzhi in Kozhikode district has been taken for the study. Banasurasagar reservoir is in Kabbini river basin, which is an east flowing river and the remaining two are in …
Vrishabhavathi Watershed is a constituent of the Arkavathi River Basin, Bangalore Urban and Ramanagara District and covers an area of 360.620Km2, representing seasonally dry tropical climate. In Vrishabhavathi watershed Vrishabhavathi River is the main surface water source which is tributary of river Arkavathy, which joins the Cauvery River at a later stage. Earlier this surface water was mainl…
Unstructured oceanic environment and uncertain operating conditions of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) with limited on-board energy resources calls for the design of appropriate controllers to achieve optimal energy consumption while navigatingunderunstructured oceanic environment. With this aspect in mind, a suboptimal robust control methodology has been presented here based on the approp…
The shoreline change extraction and change detection analysis is an important task that has application in different fields such as development of setback planning, hazard zoning, erosion-accretion studies, regional sediment budgets and conceptual or predictive modeling of coastal morphodynamics. Shoreline delineation is difficult, time consuming, and sometimes impossible for entire coastal sys…
Sea Surface Temperature (SST), being one of the most important geo-physical parameters in the ocean, plays an important role in global climate change. The spatial attribute of oceanographic data makes them highly suitable for GIS analysis as GIS provides a natural framework for the acquisition, storage, and analysis of georeferenced data. In the present study we estimate the recent SST trends u…
The south west coast of India consists of beaches and cliffs which support a highly dense costal community. Coastal erosion is confined to southwest monsoon season when the waves are rough. Seawalls and groins are the major management strategies adopted for coastal protection along Kerala coast. Erosion hotspots are identified from extensive field work carried out during the southwest monsoon s…
In this current study, a hybrid model of wavelet and Artificial Neural Network (WLNN) has been developed to forecast time series significant wave height for lead times up to 48 h. The data used in the hybrid model are significant wave heights (Hs) belongs to two stations, one near to New Mangalore port, Indian ocean and another near to west of Eureka, Canada in North Pacific ocean. The three ho…
Wave observation represented water surface elevation at a reference point is basic and essential data for ocean and coastal engineering that is mostly measured with traditional wave gauges, for instance capacitance, resistance and conductivity types. Therefore, accuracy and exactness are the most important aspects of data acquisition systems. In this study, we focus on the development of image …
This numerical study discusses the preliminary design of a three-legged articulated supporting structure for 5 MW Offshore Wind Turbine.Although articulated tower has many advantages as deep water platform, studies on wind turbine installed over articulated supports are scarce.First stable configuration of a Multi-legged articulated support, the three legged articulated structure is selected fo…
As offshore industry progressively moves towards deeper water, coupled dynamic analysis of such structures with mooring lines and risers becomes increasingly important because of the growing influence of mooring lines on the response of these structures. Experimental studies for such deepwater structures with mooring lines face serious problems due to the involved scaling and modeling issues. F…
Kerala has a rich maritime tradition dating back to several centuries. Snake boats, locally called Chundan vallams, are one of the icons of Kerala. Different types of snake boats take part in Vallamkali, the local name for traditional boat races. This paper presents the preliminary results of a study on a typical ChundanVallam. Data were collected at site using a total station and three dimensi…
World appetite for energy and mineral resources seems insatiable. The study reveals that the natural reserve of fossil fuels represent 150 years (coal), 58 years (natural gas) and almost 46 years (oil) of consumption at current rates. The Ocean covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and full of abundant esoteric resources. This blue economy attracting greater interest for harnessing th…
Acoustic waves, when they propagate in water, exhibit fluctuations in their spectral characteristics due to multi-path and ocean medium variability, especially in coastal waters. Quantitative knowledge of these received signal fluctuations is essential to understand the randomness of acoustic wave propagation. Acoustic variability in the ocean can be attributed to various oceanographic proce…