Small Animal Pediatrics

Edisi

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ISBN/ISSN

978-1-4160-4889-3

Deskripsi Fisik

538 hlm

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Pengasuhan anak

Edisi

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ISBN/ISSN

-

Deskripsi Fisik

27 hlm

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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PERKEMBANGAN PESERTA DIDIK (PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN REMAJA)

Pandangan monoisme maupun dualisme sama-sama sepakat bahwa individu merupakan suatu kesatuan jasmani dan rohani. Sebab tidak mungkin seseorang berpikir tanpa ada unsur kemauan dan tidak mungkin seseorang menginginkan sesuatu tanpa ada unsur berpikir. Di samping itu manusia tidak dapat hidup sendiri tetapi juga membutuhkan pihak lain untuk dapat bekerjasama dalam kehidupan ini. Jadi dapat …

Fenomena Sosial Anak Jalanan

Keterlibatan anak dalam kegiatan produktif di satu sisi adalah bagian dari mekanisme survival keluarga miskin dan bahkan dianggap sebagai proses awal untuk mempersiapkan anak yang mandiri. Namun di sisi lain melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan produktif yang terlalu dini, ternyata juga mengundang banyak resiko dan bahkan acapkali melanggar hak-hak anak. Dengan memaksa anak bekerja dalam jam yang pan…

Policy Responses to Human Trafficking in Southern Africa: Domesticating Inter…

Abstract Human trafficking is increasingly recognized as an outcome of economic insecurity, gender inequality, and conflict, all significant factors in the region of southern Africa. This paper examines policy responses to human trafficking in southern Africa and finds that there has been a diffusion of international norms to the regional and domestic levels. This paper finds that policy chan…

Consent in children

Abstract Consent must be fully informed and freely given by a competent individual. Where the patient is a child, they can give their own consent provided they are competent to do so, otherwise it must be sought from someone with parental responsibility. This article discusses consent in children for both treatment and research. Keywords Capacity; children; competence; consent; parental re…

Anaesthetic implications of congenital heart disease for children undergoing …

Abstract Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of morbidity, perioperative cardiac arrest and 30-day mortality from major and minor surgical procedures compared to healthy children. Factors associated with greatest risk are the complexity of cardiac disease and the physiological status of the child. Therefore the anaesthetist must understand balanced and single ven…

Adult congenital heart disease

Abstract Continued advances in the understanding and management of congenital heart disease (CHD) mean that over 90% of children born with CHD now survive to adulthood. This in turn results in greater numbers of adult patients presenting for medical and surgical care at non-specialist centres. A simple classification of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) according to complexity can help cli…

Adjuvant agents in regional anaesthesia

Abstract Adjuvant agents are pharmacological drugs that, when co-administered with local anaesthetic agents, may improve the speed of onset, the quality and/or duration of analgesia. A wide range of drugs have been assessed for both neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. Here, we review the adjuvants used in clinical practice in the UK and also briefly mention other drugs that have been used …

Acute and chronic airway obstruction in children

Abstract Airway obstruction is more common in children than in adults. This is because of subtle natomical differences in the childhood airway and an increased propensity to infection. Effects of obstruction manifest more quickly in children because of a smaller airway diameter, reduced physiological reserve and easily fatigued respiratory muscles. The anaesthetist may encounter airway obstruct…

Adding + It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics

Public concern about how well U.S. schoolchildren are learning math- ematics is abundant and growing. The globalization of markets, the spread of information technologies, and the premium being paid for workforce skills all emphasize the mounting need for proficiency in mathematics. Media reports of inadequate teaching, poorly designed curricula, and low test scores fuel fears that young p…

The Relationship of Impulsivity-Inattention and Verbal Ability to Overt and C…

Research has linked many risk factors in childhood and early adolescence to antisocial behaviors in later adolescence and early adulthood; however, less attention has focused on the interaction among factors in the prediction of distinct forms of antisocial behaviors. This study investigated the additive and synergistic association of inattention-impulsivity and verbal ability with overt and c…

The Quality of the Parenting Alliance During the Transition to Parenthood

This study of 151 couples expecting their first child investigated a 2-mediator model in which parents’ insecure romantic attachment was related to 2 mediators: partners’ relationship adjustment and changes in relationship adjustment, which were both associated with the quality of their parenting alliance. Couples completed questionnaires about romantic attachment, relationship adjustment, …

Parental Acceptance and Children’s Psychological Adjustment in the Context …

On a sample of 313 nine- through 16-year-old Spanish children this study explored the question: Is the relation between paternal versus maternal acceptance and the psychological adjustment of offspring significantly affected by the level of interpersonal power and/or prestige of each parent within the family? The relationship between perceived parental acceptance and children’s psychological …

Mental well-being of mothers with preschool children in Japan: The importance…

Japan’s low fertility rate and rapidly aging population have prompted a series of government policies aimed to minimize disincentives to motherhood. Father’s participation in childcare and housework is one factor thought to minimize the stress and workload of wage-earning motherhood. Using an internet survey of Japanese women designed by the Japanese Institute for Labor Policy and Training …

Explicit Beliefs about Aggression, Implicit Knowledge Structures, and Teen Da…

This study examined whether explicit beliefs justifying aggression and implicit knowledge structures theorized to facilitate aggression both contributed to betweensubjects differences in teen dating violence (TDV). In addition, this research examined the contribution of explicit and implicit cognitions in the prediction of within-subjects changes in TDV over a 6-month period. Participants were …

An Increasing Socioeconomic Gap in Childhood Overweight and Obesity in China

We used a new conceptual framework that integrates tenets from health economics, social epidemiology, and health behavior to analyze the impact of socioeconomic forces on the temporal changes in the socioeconomic status (SES) gap in childhood overweight and obesity in China. In data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey for 1991 to 2006, we found increased prevalence of childhood overwei…

The cost-savings of implementing kangaroo mother care in Nicaragua

Objective. To examine the costs of implementing kangaroo mother care (KMC) in a referral hospital in Nicaragua, including training, implementation, and ongoing operating costs, and to estimate the economic impact on the Nicaraguan health system if KMC were implemented in other maternity hospitals in the country. Methods. After receiving clinical training in KMC, the implementation team trained…

Social defences and Organisational culture in a local Authoritychildprotectio…

The study of social defences against anxiety used within institutions has a long history,beginning with the seminal work of Isobel Menzies Lyth, who examined the reasons for the high rate of nursing students dropping out of their professional training within a large London teaching hospital. She identified a range of social defences used by nursing staff to manage the anxieties inherent within …

Do Preschool Programs Affect Social Disadvantage? What Social Workers Should …

The majority of children firom lower income famiHes enter elementary school well behind their peers in reading, math, and general knowledge. Poor academic achievement in the early grades is associated with a range of social problems such as fauure to complete high school, increased risk of unintended pregnancy, increased criminal activity, and insufficient wages. There has been a steady increas…

Child Protection Decision Making: A Factorial Analysis Using Case Vignettes

This study explored decision making by chud protection social worken in the province of British Columbia, Canada. A factorial survey method was used in which case vignettes were constructed by randomly assigning a number of key characteristics associated with decision making in child protection. Child protection social workers («=118) assessed case vignettes (n = 327) for risk, service provisi…

Caregivers' Moral Narratives of Their African American Children's Out-of-Scho…

In this qualitative study, the authors examined the culturally nuanced meanings of out-ofschool suspensions for 30 lower income caregivers of African American children suspended from school. Caregivers were invited to describe their experiences of their children's suspensions during in-depth, individual, audiotaped interviews. Caregivers generally valued their children's school success, recogn…

A Comparison Study of Psychological, Family Function Marital and Life Satisfa…

This study surveyed a 2009 convenience sampling of 199 women, 93 of whom were first (or senior) wives in polygamous marriages and 106 were wives in monogamous marriages. We deployed the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire, SCL-90 mental health symptoms checklist, Rosenberg self-esteem (SE) scale, and Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin life satisfa…

Preventing Maltreatment with a Community-Based Implementation of Parent–Chi…

The purpose of this study was to examine rates of child abuse and neglect reports following a community implementation of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-supported intervention for the prevention of maltreatment. Among a group of families receiving PCIT, predictors of reports were examined including family demographics, course of treatment, changes in clinical measures, …

Those They Leave Behind: Paternal Incarceration and Maternal Instrumental Sup…

As the American imprisonment rate has risen, researchers have become increasingly concerned about the implications of mass imprisonment for family life. The authors extend this research by examining how paternal incarceration is linked to perceived instrumental support among the mothers of inmates’ children. Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,132) suggest that …

The Structure of Intergenerational Relations in Rural China: A Latent Class A…

Most existing typology studies of intergenerational relations have used samples in North America and Europe. The present study expands on previous research by determining whether similar family relation typologies could be found using a sample of Chinese rural elders. The data were derived from a survey of 1,224 older adults in China’s rural Anhui province in 2009. Latent class analysis revea…

Ambivalence Toward Adult Children: Differences Between Mothers and Fathers

The authors examined how ambivalence toward adult children within the same family differs between mothers and fathers and whether patterns of maternal and paternal ambivalence can be explained by the same set of predictors. Using data collected in the Within-Family Differences Study, they compared older married mothers’ and fathers’ (N = 129) assessments of ambivalence toward each of their …

Political Activism of Palestinian Youth: Exploring Individual, Parental, and …

The growing literature on youth and political conflict has not included an adequate focus on youth activism. To address this deficit, this study used youth- and parent-reported data (N = 6,718) from the 1994 – 1995 Palestinian Family Study to test an ecological model of family influence (parents’ activism, expectations for their adolescents’ activism, support, psychological control), yout…

Mexican-Origin Mothers’ and Fathers’ Involvement in Adolescents’ Peer R…

Using latent profile analysis, the authors examined patterns of mother – father involvement in adolescents’ peer relationships along three dimensions—support, guidance, and restrictions— in 240 Mexican-origin families. Three profiles were identified: (a) High Mother Involvement (mothers higher than fathers on all three dimensions), (b) High Support/Congruent (mothers and fathers reporte…

Transactional and Cascading Relations Between Early Spanking and Children’s…

The authors tested a series of models linking spanking and child social-emotional outcomes using a sample of 3,870 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. Spanking was measured by the number of times the focal child was spanked by the mother at ages 1, 3, and 5. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist at ages 3 and 5. Child…

Relations Among Intimate Partner Violence, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, and …

The authors examined the relations among intimate partner violence (IPV), maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal harsh intrusive parenting. Using a cross-lagged, autoregressive path model, they sought to clarify the directionality of the relations among these 3 variables over the first 2 years of the child’s life. The results indicated that, in this diverse sample of families living in pr…

Nonmaternal Care’s Association With Mother’s Parenting Sensitivity: A Cas…

Although attachment theory posits that the use of nonmaternal care undermines quality of mothers’ parenting, empirical evidence for this link is inconclusive. Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N =1,233), the authors examined the associations between nonmaternal care characteristics and maternal sensiti…

A Longitudinal Examination of Support, Self-Esteem, and Mexican-Origin Adoles…

Guided by a risk and resilience framework, this study used a prospective longitudinal, multiplereporter design to examine how social support from a mother figure during pregnancy interacted with Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ self-esteem to inform their parenting efficacy when their children were 10 months old. Using reports of perceived social support by adolescent mothers (Mage =16.24,…

Parental Financial Assistance and Young Adults’ Relationships With Parents …

Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the impact of parental financial assistance on young adults’ relationships with parents and well-being. Conditional change models were estimated to evaluate the effects of parental financial assistance reported in Wave 3 (ages 18 – 28) and Wave 4 (ages 24 – 34) of the study. The results (Ns rang…

Low Birth Weight and Parental Investment: Do Parents Favor the Fittest Child?

Do parents contribute to birth weight disparities in status attainment? This study uses a nationally representative sample of 8,550 children and 1,450 twins from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort to investigate whether, as recent studies have suggested, parents favor healthier children. Children with poor health are found to receive fewer parental investments, including b…

Measuring Maternal Nonstandard Work in Survey Data

Surveys differ in the measurement of nonstandard work, such that some surveys require respondents to indicate whether they work either a standard or a nonstandard schedule, whereas others allow respondents to indicate that they work both types of schedules. We test whether these measurement decisions influence the estimated prevalence of maternal nonstandard work, using data from two sources: t…

Impact of Widowhood on Parent – Child Relations: Does Parents’ Personalit…

The authors evaluated the extent to which the short-term effect of late life widowhood on parent – child relationships is moderated by 5 personality traits—Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to Experience—and how these interactive effects differ by gender. Data were from the Changing Lives of Older Couples Study (N = 1,532). The results indic…

Misidentifying the Effects of Parental Incarceration? A Comment on Johnson an…

Key Words: child well-being, mass imprisonment, parental incarceration, selection bias.

How Older People Position Their Late-Life Childlessness: A Qualitative Study

This research explored how older people describe their paths to late-life childlessness. Indepth accounts from 38 childless older people, age 63 – 93, highlight the complex journeys and diverse meanings of childlessness for male and female participants, single and partnered, including some who had outlived children. Positioning theory is used to show how the conventional voluntary – involun…

Pathways of Adult Children Providing Care to Older Parents

Guided by life course and stress process theory, this study investigated pathways of adult child caregivers’ family (caregiving, marital, parenting) and nonfamily (employment) roles. Eight waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study were analyzed for 1,300 adult child caregivers. Latent class analysis provided strong evidence for a 4-class model of caregivers’ role pathways. The four…

Mothers’ and Fathers’ Work Hours, Child Gender, and Behavior in Middle Ch…

This study examined the association between typical parental work hours (including nonemployed parents) and children’s behavior in two-parent heterosexual families. Child behavior was measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at ages 5, 8, and 10 in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (N=4,201 child-year observations). Compared to those whose fathers worked fewer hou…

Exploring Parents’ Experiences and Reactions to Adolescents’ Hyperactivit…

Adolescents’ hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention problems (HIA) have been shown to make parents feel powerless. In this study, the authors examined whether these feelings were dependent on parents’ experiences with their older children. Two models that offer different predictions of how parents make use of their earlier experiences when raising their later-born children were explored:…

Wanting Mixed-Sex Children: Separate Spheres, Rational Choice, and Symbolic C…

Substantial research concludes that most Americans want to have ‘‘at least 1 boy and 1 girl,’’ yet few have empirically explored what drives this preference. The author used nationally representative data from the National Survey of Families and Households (N =5,544) and generalized ordered logistic regression to evaluate 3 potential psychosocial frameworks motivating the mixed-sex id…

Overnight Custody Arrangements, Attachment, and Adjustment Among Very Young C…

Large numbers of infants and toddlers have parents who live apart due to separation, divorce, or nonmarital/noncohabiting childbearing, yet this important topic, especially the controversial issue of frequent overnights with nonresidential parents, is understudied. The authors analyzed data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal investigation of children born to pri…

Wrestling Proteus: Assessing the Varying Nature of Father Involvement Across …

This study investigated the common assumption that measures of father involvement are invariant across child age, gender, and reporter. Measurement invariance was tested with 320 families who were interviewed at child ages 10, 12, and 14. Criterion validity was also examined, using observational, survey, and physiologic measures with factor rotation type considered. It was found that invariance…

Consequences of Teen Parents’ Child-Care Arrangements for Mothers and Children

Using the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (2001 – 2006; N ≈ 7,900), the authors examined child-care arrangements among teen parents from birth through prekindergarten. Four latent classes of child care arrangements at 9, 24, and 52 months emerged: (a) ‘‘parental care,’’ (b) ‘‘center care,’’ (c) ‘‘paid homebased care,’’ and (…

Child Care and Child Births: The Role of Grandparents in the Netherlands

This study explored the involvement of grandparents in the care for young children and its effect on subsequent child births in dual-earner families, using data on 898 Dutch men and women aged 18 – 49 from the Netherlands’ Kinship Panel Study. Three theoretical perspectives were used to develop hypotheses: (a) needs and opportunities, (b) normative preferences, and (c) gendered involvement …

The Effect of Prenatal and Postnatal Care on Childhood Obesity

Chfldhood obesity continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. If this problem is unresolved, some children will be at risk for disorders such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer and wül become a high economic and social burden for society. Using the Nadonal Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Chud and Young Adult sample {N= 6,643), this study examined the rela…

From Theory to Practice: One Agency’s Experience with Implementing an Evide…

As evidence-based practice is becoming integrated into children’s mental health services as a means of improving outcomes for children and youth with severe behavioral and emotional problems, therapeutic foster care (TFC; a specialized treatment approach for such youth) is one of few community-based programs considered to be evidence-based. ‘‘Together Facing the Challenge’’ (TFTC) w…

Child and Adolescent Resiliency Following a Residential Fire: The Role of Soc…

The link between trauma and posttraumatic stress has been well-established; however, less is known about the relationship between trauma and resiliency. Traditionally, resilience has been defined as behavioral competence and adaptation following a stressful event. The purpose of this study was to examine resilience, as measured by both internal and external forms of competence, following a resi…