This study examined how race, gender, and age interact to affect defendants’sentences using a trichotomized dependent variable. The findings indicate that the racial and gender disparity found in sentencing decisions was largely due to Black men’s increased likelihood of receiving jail as opposed to probation. The results also show that being young resulted in increased odds of receiving pr…
Beginning in fiscal year 1994, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention included, as a requirement for a state to receive Federal Formula Grants, the determination of whetherD isproportionate minority confinement existed in its juvenile justice system, the identification of its causes, and the development and implementation of corrective strategies. The current study examined t…
As enacted, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) directed states to provide Medicaid coverage to most nonelderly adults with incomes up to 138% of the Federal Poverty Level (the “Medicaid expansion group”) beginning in 2014. 1 The Medicaid expansion provision of the ACA is an integral mponent of fulfilling the ACA’s primary objective to achieve near-universal health insurance coverage rates acr…
This article develops a multilevel model that integrates individual diference and sociological explanations of the Black–White difference in adolescent violence. Our basic premise is that low verbal ability is a criminogenic risk factor that is in part an outcome of exposure neighborhood and family disadvantages.Analysis of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth reveals that verbal …
This study examines the complex relationships among stereotypes about crime, the offender’s Face/ethnicity, and sentencing decisions. Using data on White, Black, and Hispanic male drug offenders sentenced in three U.S. district courts and a definition of the dangerous drug offender appropriate to the federalsentence system, the authors explore the degree to which stereotypes about dangerous …
The issue of racial profiling has come to represent one of the key contemporary challenges facing law enforcement agencies in the United States. One way that agencies have responded to this issue is to adopt antiprofiling policies to address concerns about racial disparities in traffic stops and their outcomes. Policy adoption is assumed to encourage more racially equitable policing as well as …