Bubbles can contribute a significant fraction of methane emissions from wetlands; however the range of reported fractions is very large and accurate characterization of this pathway has proven difficult. Here we show that continuous automated flux chambers combined with an integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) instrument allow us to quantify both CH4 ebullition rate and magnitude. For a …
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is one of the major precursors for aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer overmuch of the remote ocean. Here we report on coupled climate simulations with a state‐of‐the‐art global ocean biogeochemical model for DMS distribution and fluxes using present‐day and future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find changes in zonal averaged DM…
We report measurements of energized outflowing/bouncing ionospheric ions and heated electrons in the inner magnetosphere during a geomagnetic storm. The ions arrive in the equatorial plane with pitch angles that increase with energy over a range from tens of eV to>50 keV while the lectrons are field aligned up to ~1 keV. These particle distributions are observed during intervals of broadband lo…