One Health, The Theory and Practice of Integrated Health Approaches

Edisi

2nd Edition

ISBN/ISSN

9781789242584

Deskripsi Fisik

460 hlm

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

-

VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH: AT A GLANCE

Edisi

First Edition

ISBN/ISSN

978-81-8189-522-6

Deskripsi Fisik

169 hlm

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

-

A comparative study of perceptions on tobacco in vulnerable populations betwe…

Perceptions of tobacco are a relatively unexplored issue in disadvantaged populations in India and France. The objectives of this study included the following: obtain qualitative information on representations of tobacco use and cessation within two vulnerable populations; identify cultural factors that influence tobacco use and cessation; and acquire information for the development of effec…

Towards a global framework for capacity building for non-communicable disease…

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent an increasing proportion of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Sustained advocacy, carried out by a skilled workforce, is an important strategy to realize the political will and implement the policy changes necessary to reduce the global burden of NCDs. Competencies for effective advocacy include a combination of scientific and technical…

Handbook of LGBT Elders: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Principles, Practic…

Edisi

-

ISBN/ISSN

978-3-319-03623-6

Deskripsi Fisik

xviii, 691 hlm.;ill.

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

-

Brief Report: Compliance and Noncompliance to Parental Control Strategies in …

Abstract The present study examined children’s compliance and noncompliance behaviors in response to parental control strategies in 20 children with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 20 matched typically-developing children. Observational coding was used to measure child compliance (committed, situational), oncompliance (passive, defiance, self-assertion, negotiation) and parent control st…

Brief Report: Oxytocin Enhances Paternal Sensitivity to a Child with Autism: …

Abstract Oxytocin seems associated with parenting style, and experimental work showed positive effects of intranasally administered oxytocin on parenting style of fathers. Here, the first double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject experiment with intranasal oxytocin administration to fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is presented. Fathers with their typically deve…

(Re-)conceptualisation in Asperger’s Syndrome and Typical Individuals with …

Abstract The abilities to form new concepts from scratch (conceptualisation), and to flexibly switch from one concept to another (re-conceptualisation), were investigated in adults with Asperger’s Syndrome and in typically-developed adults with low and high autism spectrum quotients. In consecutively presented morphs, containing increasing percentages of animate or inanimate objects, the em…

Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA A…

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to re-examine diagnostic data from a state-wide autism prevalence study (n = 489) conducted in the 1980s to investigate the impact of broader diagnostic criteria on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case status. Sixty-four (59 %) of the 108 originally ‘‘Diagnosed Not Autistic’’ met the current ASD case definition. The average IQ estimate in …

Eye-Tracking, Autonomic, and Electrophysiological Correlates of Emotional Fac…

Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty with social-emotional cues. This study examined the neural, behavioral, and autonomic correlates of emotional face processing in adolescents with ASD and typical development (TD) using eye-tracking and event-related potentials (ERPs) across two different paradigms. Scanning of faces was similar across groups in th…

Who Participates in Support Groups for Parents of Children with Autism Spectr…

Abstract One hundred forty-nine parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) completed online questionnaires measuring their beliefs about support groups and ASD, coping style, social support, mood, and use of support groups. Those currently using parent support groups (PSGs) reported using more adaptive coping strategies than both parents who had never used PSGs and parents who…

Autism Severity and Qualities of Parent–Child Relations

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine how severity of autism affects children’s interactions relatedness) and relationships with their parents. Participants were 25 parent–child dyads that included offspring who were children with autism aged from 4 to 14 years. The severity of the children’s autism was assessed using the calibrated severity metric of the Autism Diagnostic Obse…

Communication and Social Deficits in Relatives of Individuals with SLI and Re…

Abstract We investigate two aspects of the autism triad, communication and social difficulties, in relatives of specific language impairment (SLI) probands (with and without additional autistic symptomatology) as compared to relatives of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down’s syndrome (DS) probands. Findings involving 726 first degree relatives of 85 SLI, 99 ASD and 36 DS probands reveal…

Predictive Value of Morphological Features in Patients with Autism versus Nor…

Abstract We investigated the predictive power of morphological features in 224 autistic patients and 224 matched- pairs controls. To assess the relationship between the morphological features and autism, we used the receiver operator curves (ROC). In addition, we used recursive partitioning (RP) to determine a specific pattern of abnormalities that is characteristic for the difference betwee…

Perception of Talker Age by Young Adults with High-Functioning Autism

Abstract People with high-functioning Autism (HFA) can accurately identify social categories from speech, but they have more difficulty connecting linguistic variation in the speech signal to social stereotypes associated with those categories. In the current study, the perception and evaluation of talker age by young adults with HFA was examined. The participants with HFA performed similarl…

Treatments for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Evidence, Advocacy, and the Inte…

Abstract The Internet is a major source of health-related information for parents of sick children despite concerns surrounding quality. For neurodevelopmental disorders, the websites of advocacy groups are a largely unexamined source of information. We evaluated treatment information posted on nine highly-trafficked advocacy websites for autism, cerebral palsy, and fetal alcohol spectrum dis…

The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another(’s) Perspective on Executive Dysfun…

Abstract The executive dysfunction theory attempts to explain not only the repetitive behaviours but also the socio-communicative difficulties in autism. While it is clear that some individuals with autism perform poorly on certain executive function tasks, it remains unclear what underlies these impairments. The most consistent and striking difficulties are seen on tasks that are open-ended…

Social Responsiveness and Competence in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Direct Compari…

Abstract Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by hyperphagia and food preoccupations, is caused by the absence of expression of the paternally active genes in the proximal arm of chromosome 15. Although maladaptive behavior and the cognitive profile in PWS have been well characterized, social functioning has only more recently been systematically…

Pivotal Response Treatment for Infants At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders:…

Abstract Presently there is limited research to suggest efficacious interventions for infants at-risk for autism. Pivotal response treatment (PRT) has empirical support for use with preschool children with autism, but there are no reports in the literature utilizing this approach with infants. In the current study, a developmental adaptation of PRT was piloted via a brief parent training mod…

The Role of Timing in Testing Nonverbal IQ in Children with ASD

Abstract 15 School-aged high functioning children on the autistic spectrum were compared with a neurotypical cohort on the WISC-III and the KABC-II, to determine the impact of the relatively more strict timing criteria of the former test on the evaluation of nonverbal intelligence. Significant group effects, showing lower performance by the ASD group were found for three of the five sub-test…

A Common Susceptibility Factor of Both Autism and Epilepsy: Functional Defici…

Abstract Autism and epilepsy are common childhood neurological disorders with a great heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes as well as risk factors. There is a high co-morbidity of autism and epilepsy. The neuropathology of autism and epilepsy has similar histology implicating the processes of neurogenesis, neural migration, programmed cell death, and neurite outgrowth. Genetic advances have …

The Coping Cat Program for Children with Anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder…

Abstract The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate whether a modified version of the Coping Cat program could be effective in reducing anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-two children (ages 8–14; IQ C 70) with ASD and clinically significant anxiety were randomly assigned to 16 sessions of the Coping Cat program (cognitive-behavioral therapy; CBT) or a 16-w…

The Structure of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in the General Population …

Abstract It is unclear whether symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children in the population fit the three-factor structure of ASD as described in the DSM-IV, and cluster together in individual subjects. This study analysed questionnaire data on ASD symptoms filled in by mothers of 11,332 18-month-old children that was collected in the context of the Norwegian Mother and Chi…

Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training for Young Adults with High-Function…

Abstract Few evidence-based social interventions exist for young adults with high-functioning autism, many of whom encounter significant challenges during the transition into adulthood. The current study investigated the feasibility of an engaging Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training intervention focused on enhancing social skills, social cognition, and social functioning. Eight young a…

Is Maternal Influenza or Fever During Pregnancy Associated with Autism or Dev…

Abstract We analyzed data from case groups of 538 children with autism spectrumdisorders (ASD) and 163 with developmental delays (DD), and from 421 typically developing controls to assess associations with maternal influenza or fever during pregnancy. Exposure information was obtained by telephone nterviews, and outcomes were clinically confirmed. Though neither ASD nor DD was associated wit…

Neural Mechanisms of Improvements in Social Motivation After Pivotal Response…

Abstract Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is an empirically validated behavioral treatment that has widespread positive effects on communication, behavior, and social skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For the first time, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural correlates of successful response to PRT in two young children with ASD. Ba…

The Role of Parenting Stress in Discrepancies Between Parent and Teacher Rati…

Abstract The study assessed whether teacher and parent ratings of child behavior problems were similar for children with autism spectrum disorders. Two informants rated child behaviors in the same home environment, and the degree to which parenting stress impacted the similarity of the ratings was assessed. Overall behavior problem ratings did not differ between groups, but there was poor cor…

The Role of Causal and Intentional Judgments in Moral Reasoning in Individual…

Abstract In the present study, we investigated the ability to assign moral responsibility and punishment in adults with high functioning autism or Asperger Syndrome (HFA/AS), using non-verbal cartoons depicting an aggression, an accidental harm or a mere coincidence. Participants were asked to evaluate the agent’s causal and intentional roles, his responsibility and the punishment he deserv…

Recreational Participation of Children with High Functioning Autism

Abstract The recreation of children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) is not well understood. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the recreational engagement of children with HFA and their typically developing peers. Children with HFA (n = 30) and peers (n = 31) were similar on key characteristics that may impact recreation except those related to the HFA attributes.…

The Effects of Autism and Alexithymia on Physiological and Verbal Responsiven…

Abstract It has been suggested that individuals with autism will be less responsive to the emotional content of music than typical individuals. With the aim of testing this hypothesis, a group of high-functioning adults on the autism spectrum was compared with a group of matched controls on two measures of emotional responsiveness to music, comprising physiological and verbal measures. Impai…

Comparing Spoken Language Treatments for Minimally Verbal Preschoolers with A…

Abstract Preschoolers with severe autism and minimal speech were assigned either a discrete trial or a aturalistic language treatment, and parents of all participants also received parent responsiveness training. After 12 weeks, both groups showed comparable improvement in number of spoken words produced, on average. Approximately half the children in each group achieved benchmarks for the fi…

Individuals with Asperger’s Disorder Exhibit Difficulty in Switching Attent…

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to determine whether individuals with Asperger’s disorder exhibit difficulty in switching attention from a local level to a global level. Eleven participants with Asperger’s disorder and 11 age- and gender-matched healthy controls performed a level-repetition switching task using Navontype hierarchical stimuli. In both groups, level-repetitio…

Non-word Repetition Impairment in Autism and Specific Language Impairment: Ev…

Abstract Language-impaired individuals with autism perform poorly on tests such as non-word repetition that are sensitive clinical markers of specific language impairment (SLI). This has fuelled the theory that language impairment in autism represents a co-morbid SLI. However, the underlying cause of these deficits may be different in each disorder. In a novel task, we manipulated non-word s…

Randomized Controlled Trial: Multimodal Anxiety and Social Skill Intervention…

Abstract Anxiety is common among adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and may amplify the core social disability, thus necessitating combined treatment approaches. This pilot, randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the Multimodal Anxiety and Social Skills Intervention (MASSI) program in a sample of 30 adolescents with ASD and anxiety sym…

Effects of Child Characteristics on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: …

Abstract The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is commonly used to inform diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Considering the time dedicated to using the ADI-R, it is of interest to expand the ways in which information obtained from this interview is used. The current study examines how algorithm totals reflecting past (ADI-Diagnostic) and current (ADI-Current) behaviors a…

Autism Spectrum Traits in Children with Anxiety Disorders

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine ASD traits in children with clinical anxiety in early development, as well as current manifestations. Parents of 42 children with an anxiety disorder (but no known diagnosis of ASD) and 42 typically developing children were interviewed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R). They also completed questionnaires that assessed child anxiety (S…

Commitment to Classroom Model Philosophy and Burnout Symptoms Among High Fide…

Abstract Teacher commitment to classroom model philosophy and burnout were explored in a sample of 53 teachers implementing three preschool models at high levels of fidelity for students with autism: Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH); Learning Experiences and Alternative Program for Preschoolers and Their Parents (LEAP); and high qua…

Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others’ Gaze Helps Gaze Detecti…

Abstract We investigated the influence of control over a social stimulus on the ability to detect direct gaze in highfunctioning autism (HFA). In a pilot study, 19 participants with and 19 without HFA were compared on a gaze detection and a gaze setting task. Participants with HFA were less accurate in detecting direct gaze in the detection task, but did not differ in their ability to establi…

Age of First Words Predicts Cognitive Ability and Adaptive Skills in Children…

Abstract Acquiring useful language by age 5 has been identified as a strong predictor of positive outcomes in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study examined the relationship between age of language acquisition and later functioning in children with ASD (n = 119). First word acquisition at a range of ages was probed for its relationship to cognitive ability and adaptive…

Use of Computer-Assisted Technologies (CAT) to Enhance Social, Communicative,…

Abstract Major advances in multimedia computer technology over the past decades have made sophisticated computer games readily available to the public. This, combined with the observation that most children, including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), show an affinity to computers, has led researchers to recognize the potential of computer technology as an effective and efficient t…

Motor Abilities in Autism: A Review Using a Computational Context

Abstract Altered motor behaviour is commonly reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder, but the aetiology remains unclear. Here, we have taken a computational approach in order to break down motor control into different components and review the functioning of each process. Our findings suggest abnormalities in two areas—poor integration of information for efficient motor planning, and increase…

Revisiting Regression in Autism: Heller’s Dementia Infantilis : Includes A …

Abstract Theodor Heller first described a severe regression of adaptive function in normally developing children, something he termed dementia infantilis, over one 100 years ago. Dementia infantilis is most closely related to the modern diagnosis, childhood disintegrative disorder. We translate Heller’s paper, U¨ ber Dementia Infantilis, and discuss similarities in presentation between He…

Neural and Behavioral Responses During Self-Evaluative Processes Differ in Yo…

Abstract This fMRI study investigated neural responses while making appraisals of self and other, across the social and academic domains, in children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Compared to neurotypical youth, those with ASD exhibited hypoactivation of ventromedial refrontal cortex during self-appraisals. Responses in middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and ant…

Worksite Wellness: Increasing Adoption of Workplace Health Promotion Programs

Worksite wellness programs are important interventions to protect and promote employee health. They help reduce direct and indirect health care costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism; avoid illness or injury; and improve the quality of work life and morale. This Tool introduces key concepts and strategic tips for planning workplace-based wellness programs rather than individual health promotion e…

Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Services and Resources in Los Angeles: I…

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is as prevalent in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) relationships as it is in heterosexual ones; however, the issues, needs, and challenges associated with assisting or advocating on behalf of LGBT persons are poorly understood. Using community-based participatory approaches, we conducted a brief survey of professionals (e.g., shelter staff, domesti…

From Model to Action: Using a System Dynamics Model of Chronic Disease Risks …

Health planners in Austin, Texas, are using a System Dynamics Model of Cardiovascular Disease Risks (SD model) to align prevention efforts and maximize the effect of limited resources. The SD model was developed using available evidence of disease prevalence, risk factors, local contextual factors, resulting health conditions, and their impact on population health. Given an interest in unders…

Health Behavior in Ecological Context

Abstract. Health is best understood within an ecological context. Accordingly, health promotion involves processes that foster supportive environments and healthful behavior. Thus, effective health promotion programs are typically multilevel, focusing not only on the population at risk but also on the environmental conditions that contribute so importantly to health and health behavior. Health…

Differential expression of microRNAs and other small RNAs in barley between w…

Health planners in Austin, Texas, are using a System Dynamics Model of Cardiovascular Disease Risks (SD model) to align prevention efforts and maximize the effect of limited resources. The SD model was developed using available evidence of disease prevalence, risk factors, local contextual factors, resulting health conditions, and their impact on population health. Given an interest in unders…

Developing a Theoretical Framework for Complex Community-Based Interventions

Abstract. Applying existing theories to research, in the form of a theoretical framework, is necessary to advance knowledge from what is already known toward the next steps to be taken. This article proposes a guide on how to develop a theoretical framework for complex community-based interventions using the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program as an example. Developing a theoretical frame…