Ketergantungan masyarakat pedesaan, dalam hal pembangunan merupakan akibat dari proses interaksi faktor sosial, ekonomi, politik dan budaya yang mendasari munculnya negara sebagai satu kekuatan yang dominan. Hal ini menyebabkan aparat negara merasa mempunyai wewenang untuk secara langsung terlibat dalam pelaksanaan program pada tingkat desa. Inisiatif pembangunan pedesaan tetap ada pada tangan …
The pharmaceutical industry heavily relies on external sources to supplement its internal R&D activities and fill its product pipelines. Outsourcing of workpackages, in-licensing of development projects, collaborations with academic research centers or biotech companies and hiring of consultants are classic approaches towards this goal. Here we describe a new open innovation approach, termed �…
People at work in organizations today are part of a new era. The institutions of society and the people who make them work are challenged in many and very special ways. Society at large increasingly expects high performance and high quality of life to go hand-in-hand, considers ethics and social responsibility core values, respects the vast potential of demographic and cultural diversity among …
As employees and leaders conduct business around the world, they face many ethical challenges. New to this edition is Chapter 2, “Individual and Organizational Ethics.” This chapter highlights ethical concepts and concerns that are relevant to all employees and leaders. Some of the major concerns that we believe need to be addressed by employees and leaders include workforce diversity, …
Abstract. The CIO is a relatively new executive management role that is considered to be on par with other “C” suite of executives— the CIO taking responsibility for a firm’s information technology (IT) capabilities in supporting organisational requirements. Executive management positions tend to embody four types of activities that address the important areas of organisational plan…
Abstract. Malaysia has invested multi-million ringgit on the Malaysia’s Multipurpose Identity Card (MyKad) initiative for the protection of citizens from terrorism as well as for effective and efficient government and private sector applications. If it is not used, the initiative is wasted. For the success of MyKad adoption, both individual and organizations need to accept this initiative…