Abstract. The interacting mechanisms of metallic cations (Zn2+ and Co2+) to active chemical groups on the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the aerobic granules, including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. For Zn2+ and Co2+, LB-EPS showed stronger bi…
Abstract. Flocs generated in various aluminum coagulants treatment exhibit difference in size, strength and structure. The formation, breakage and re-formation of flocs were investigated by using a laser diffraction instrument (Malvern Mastersizer 2000, Malvern, UK). Different Al coagulants – conventional Al salt (AlCl3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC-1) and the purified polyaluminum chlorid…