To identify crop rotation systems capable of sequestering C and N to 1 metre depth in a subtropical Ferralsol of Southern Brazil managed under long-term zero-tillage (21 yrs), we evaluated six crop sequences: wheat (Triticum aestivum)–soybean (Glycine max) [W-S], the baseline; oat (Avena strigosa, as cover crop)–maize (Zea mays)–wheat–soybean [O-M-W-S]; vetch (Vicia villosa, as legum…