Doping strategies for highly conductive Al-doped ZnO films grown from aqueous…

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films are prepared by a low temperature (100 8C) aqueous solution deposition method with a subsequent UV post-deposition treatment at 140 8C. Film growth is governed by the retrograde solubility of zinc–ammine complexes at basic conditions (pH 11.4). Aluminum was introduced into the film as a dopant by co-precipitation, either using an aluminum metal foil …