In this paper, we establish a new data-based iterative optimal learning control scheme for discrete-time nonlinear systems using iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) approach and apply the developed control scheme to solve a coal gasification optimal tracking control problem. According to the system data, neural networks (NNs) are used to construct the dynamics of coal gasification pro…
This paper is concerned with a new iterative -adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) technique to solve optimal control problems of infinite horizon discrete-time nonlinear systems. The idea is to use an iterative ADP algorithm to obtain the iterative control law which optimizes the iterative performance index function. In the present iterative -ADP algorithm, the condition of initial admissible co…
a b s t r a c t An asymmetric supercapacitor with improved energy and power density, relative to a symmetric Ru oxide device, has been constructed with anthraquinone-modified carbon fabric (Spectracarb 2225) as the negative electrode and Ru oxide as the positive electrode. The performance of the supercapacitorwas characterized by cyclic voltammetry and constant current discharging. Use of th…
a b s t r a c t A novel method based on spontaneous reduction of Ru(VI) and Ru(VII) is reported for the deposition of Ru oxide on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Both purified and acid functionalized nanotubes (p-MWCNT and a-MWCNT) have been used to produce composite materials for use in high power aqueous supercapacitors. Specific capacitances of 213±16Fg−1 and 184±11Fg−1 were…
† Background and Aims: Facultative root hemiparasitic plants generally have awide host range, but in most cases show an obvious host preference. The reasons for the marked difference in growth performance of hemiparasites when attached to different hosts are not fully understood. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that hemiparasites showing a preference for different hosts have differ…
† Background and Aims: Because most parasitic plants do not form mycorrhizal associations, the nutritional roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in them have hardly been tested. Some facultative root hemiparasitic Pedicularis species form AM associations and hence are ideal for testing both direct and indirect effects of AM fungi on their nutrient acquisition. The aim of this study was …
Abstract. In this work, we fabricated the composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and 4- methoxyphenyl-40-propylbenzoate (MPPB), a monotropic nematic liquid crystal (LC), via ultrasonication. The nematic phase and thermal stability of the resultant MWNTs/MPPB nanocomposites were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) respe…
Abstract The selective hydrogenation of trans-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one over Ru/g-Al2O3 stabilized with triphenylphosphine was investigated in the presence of diamine and base. It was found that 1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2-diamine (DPEN) was the best modifier among the investigated diamines. Both DPEN and KOH not only promoted the selectivity of the C O bond hydrogenation, but also accelerated the …