A total of 40 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) strains isolated from past and current epidemics of kiwifruit bacterial canker worldwide were compared using repetitive-sequence PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting with BOX, ERIC and REP primer sets. The strains were also assessed for the presence of 23 type III secretion system effector genes, tolerance to sodium arsenite, the presence of coro…