ABSTRACT This work presents two points with respect to manganese oxide (MnOx) nanomaterials: their controllable synthesis with desired phases and shapes together with their applications as catalysts for oxygen reduction and Al/air batteries. Solid MnOx with crystalline phases of MnOOH, Mn2O3, and MnO2 as well as shapes of the sphere, wire, rod, and particle were prepared through a simple one-…