Ablative thermal protection systems modeling

For one area discussed in this book, namely the modeling of phenomena, the sum of physical knowledge is broad. It includes (from microscopic to macroscopic) atomic physics, thermodynamics, gas kinetics, radiative transfer, physical and chemical reactions (both homogeneous and heterogeneous), fluid mechanics, and turbulence applied to previously studied areas, such as rough walls. There are, of …

A Theory of Ether, Particles Andatoms: Introduction to the Reform of Modern …

This work is the result of the research which I started independently late in the 60s in Russia and since August 1992 have proceeded with abroad. The subject of the research was initially chosen to be Systems Theory, because it seemed rather close to the theory of communications, the then field of my occupation, on the one hand, and because it sounded intriguing enough and worth attempting at, …

A Plasma Formulary for Physics, Technology and Astrophysics

Plasma physics has matured rapidly as a scientific and technological discipline with a vast span of relevant application in many different fields. As a consequence, no single textbook is able to address all aspects of plasma physics relevant to such a burgeoning community. With this reference text I have attempted to bridge the gap between the excellent variety of traditional, broadly-ba…

A Modern Introduction to Quantum Field Theory

This book grew out of the notes of the course on quantum field theory that I give at the University of Geneva, for students in the fourth year. Most courses on quantum field theory focus on teaching the student how to compute cross-sections and decay rates in particle physics. This is, and will remain, an important part of the preparation of a highenergy physicist. However, the importance and …

On auction equilibrium models with network applications

We consider a general auction market model with divisible commodities and price functions of participants and show that it can be suitable for proper description of complex systems with active elements. Using its equivalent variational inequality reformulation, we obtain a general existence result under mild additional conditions on price functions.We show that the basic network flow equilibri…

Applications of Synchrotron Radiation

Physics and engineering governing the applications of synchrotron radiation is based on enormous achievements during more than one hundred years in the filed of X-ray physics and technology. The contents of this book, starting with the very general aspects of synchrotron radiation investigated, have been developed by numerous scientist and experimentalist in this field during the past 20 years.…

Recent Advances in Thermo and Fluid Dynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. It defines macroscopic variables, such as internal energy, entropy, and pressure, that partly describe a body of matter or radiation. It states that the behavior of these variables is subject to general constraints that are common to all materials, not to the peculiar properties of p…

Thermodynamics and Chemistry

Classical thermodynamics, the subject of this book, is concerned with macroscopic aspects of the interaction of matter with energy in its various forms. This book is designed as a text for a onesemester course for senior undergraduate or graduate students who have already been introduced to thermodynamics in an undergraduate physical chemistry course. Anyone who studies and uses thermodyn…

Vibration of Mechanical Systems

This is a textbook for a first course in mechanical vibrations. There are many books in this area that try to include everything, thus they have become exhaustive compendiums that are overwhelming for an undergraduate. In this book, all the basic concepts in mechanical vibrations are clearly identified and presented in a concise and simple manner with illustrative and practical examples. Vibrat…

The Vibration Analysis Handbook

The physical movement or motion of a rotating machine is normally referred to as vibration. Since the vibration frequency and amplitude cannot be measured by sight or touch, a means must be employed to convert the vibration into a usable product that can be measured and analyzed. Electronics, mechanics, and chemical physics are closely related. Therefore, it would logically follow that the conv…

The finite Element Method: A Practical Course

In the past few decades, the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been developed into a key indispensable technology in the modelling and simulation of various engineering systems. In the development of an advanced engineering system, engineers have to go through a very rigorous process of modelling, simulation, visualization, analysis, designing, prototyping, testing, and finally, fabrication/c…

Steam Plant Operation

For more than 75 years, this book has been a trusted source of information on steam power plants, including the design, operation, and maintenance of major systems. Steam Plant Operation, Ninth Edition, emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive energy plan utilizing all economical sources of energy, including fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources. Wind, solar, and biom…

Secondary eyewall formation in WRF simulations of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina…

An analysis is presented of two high‐resolution hurricane simulations of Katrina and Rita (2005) that exhibited secondary eyewall formation (SEF). The results support the notion of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) having an important role in SEF and suggest that VRW activity is a defining aspect of the moat. SEF occurs at a radius of ∼65 (80) km in Katrina (Rita), close to the hypothesized stagna…

Atkins’ physical chemistry

Edisi

8th ed.

ISBN/ISSN

9780198700722

Deskripsi Fisik

xxvii, 1.064 Hlm.

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

-

Solar, stellar and galactic connections between particle physics and astrophy…

The very small and the very large are intimately connected in Nature. Particle physics and astrophysics meet in fundamental questions: the structure and evolution of stars; their end and how this is manifested; how we think galaxies are created from matter we have yet to discover and why we believe the most energetic particles cannot come from the most distant universe. During the IV Esc…

Mechanics of materials

Edisi

7th ed.

ISBN/ISSN

978-0-495-24458-5

Deskripsi Fisik

x, 943 Hlm.

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

-

Mechanical Vibrations

This book serves as an introduction to the subject of vibration engineering at the undergraduate level. Favorable reactions by professors and students to the fourth edition have encouraged me to prepare this fifth edition of the book. I have retained the style of the prior editions, presenting the theory, computational aspects, and applications of vibration in as simple a manner as possible, an…

Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics

This book is intended as a combination of a reference book for those who work with cavitation or bubble dynamics and as a monograph for advanced students interested in some of the basic problems associated with this category of multiphase flows. A book like this has many roots. It began many years ago when, as a young postdoctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology, I was asked to…

Measurement and Instrumentation Principles

The foundations of this book lie in the highly successful text Principles of Measurement and Instrumentation by the same author. The first edition of this was published in 1988, and a second, revised and extended edition appeared in 1993. Since that time, a number of new developments have occurred in the field of measurement. In particular, there have been significant advances in smart sens…

Introduction to fluid mechanics

This text was written for an introductory course in fluid mechanics. Our approach to the subject, as in previous editions, emphasizes the physical concepts of Auid mechanics and methods of analysis that begin from basic principles. The primary objective of this book is to help users develop an orderly approach to problem solv­ ing. Thus we always start from governing equat…

Use of nonimmobilized enzymes and mediators achieved high power densities in …

The immobilization of redox enzymes on the surface of electrodes is a typical practice for enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) but enzyme immobilization usually results in low retaining enzymatic activities and low power densities. Here, we investigated an alternative solution – the use of nonimmobilized thermostable enzymes (e.g., NAD-based glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and flavin-containing di…

Biochar: a new promising catalyst support using methanation as a probe reaction

Biochar (BC), a by-product from the fast pyrolysis of rice husk, was activated by chemical and physical process. The activated biochar (ABC) showed graphite-like morphology and had a large amount of random pores with BET surface area of 1058 m2/g. The biochar properties observed by further characterization revealed its feasibility to be used as a catalyst support. Syngas methanation as a probe…

Tailoring Plasmon Resonances in Aluminium Nanoparticle Arrays Fabricated Usin…

Aluminium (Al) nanoparticles (NPs) over a 1.2-cm 2 -size area are fabricated using nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide as shadow masks. With this technique, plasmon response of Al NP arrays with different out-of-plane height is investigated. The dipolar-localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) peak of Al NP arrays is blueshifted and then redshifted slightly with an increase in particle height…

Near-Infrared Harvesting Transparent Luminescent Solar Concentrators

There is a renewed interest in applying luminescent solar concentrators onto power-producing surfaces such as mobile electronics and windows, since it can dramatically improve energy harvesting effi ciency, increase electronic device autonomy, and drive down the expensive PV module cost. [ 1–7 ] However, the widespread adoption of such devices is typically limited by chromophore absorption an…

Turbine design and field development concepts for tidal,ocean, and river appl…

This paper discusses tidal, ocean, and river free turbine functional design parameters and general considerations associated with tidal field developments. A particular focus is on the importance of considering mechanical fatigue and the associated calculation method when designing a turbine for the challenging hydrodynamic environment. The balance between high-fatigue resistances, costs assoc…

Silicon carbide nanolayers as a solar cell constituent

Thin films of predominantly amorphous n-type SiC were prepared by non-reactive magnetron sputtering in an Ar atmosphere. A previously synthesized SiC was used as a solidstate target. Deposition was carried out on a cold substrate of ptype Si (100) with a resistivity of 2Vcm. The Raman spectrum shows a dominant band at 982 cm1, i.e., in the spectral region characteristic for SiC. It was found …

Kinetics of Nonlinear Optical Response at Insulator–Metal Transition in Van…

Phase transitions are ubiquitous in condensed-matter systems,and the investigation of their kinetics is known to be challenging,[ 1–4 ] but the signifi cant discoveries, such as superconductive phase transitions, [ 5 ] ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phase transitions, [ 6 ] amorphous and crystalline transitions, [ 7 ] insulator–metal transitions (IMT), [ 8–13 ] etc., have produced a …

Polarization dilution in a Ga-polar UV-LED to reduce the influence of polariz…

We investigated the influence of polarization charges in nitride-based semiconductors. The influence due to polarization charges was calculated excluding the influences of the band offset. We found that the polarization charges (1
1013 cm2) resulted in an energy spike of more than 100 meV at the location of the charges, which is a similar value to the band offset. We then proposed the concept …

Effect of ester compounds on biogas production: beneficial or detrimental?

Esters are major flavor compounds in fruits, which are produced in high volume.The widespread availability of these compounds in nature attracts interest on their behavior in anaerobic digestion in waste and wastewater treatments. The aim of this work was to study the effects of various esters at different concentrations in anaerobic digestion followed by determination of their minimum inhibit…

Nanoparticle and nanosphere mask for etching of ITO nanostructures and their …

Au nanoparticles and polystyrene nanospheres were used as mask for plasma etching of indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. By reactive ion etching (RIE) processes, the morphology of polystyrene nanospheres can be tuned through chemical or physical etching, and Au nanoparticle mask can result in ITO nanostructures with larger aspect ratio than nanosphere mask.During inductively coupled plasma (ICP) pr…

Plasma treatment of ITO films for the formation of nanoparticles toward scala…

Plasma treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) has been studied to form metallic nanoparticles (NPs) for nanostructure-based solar cells. It is demonstrated that NPs can be formed at temperatures as low as 100 8C, and the size of NPs increases with temperature. An ITO layer treated at 100 8C has higher transmission than that treated at 200 8C for the same time. It is suggested that such NPs can be …

Additively-manufactured piezoelectric devices

A low-cost micro-stereolithography technique with the ability to additively manufacture dense piezoelectric ceramic components is reported. This technique enables the layer-wise production of functional devices with a theoretical in-plane resolution of
20mm and an out-of-plane resolution of

Development and utilization of an ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine local lymph node …

The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is widely used to identify chemicals that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Exposure to a dermal sensitizer results in proliferation of local lymph node T cells, which has traditionally been measured by in vivo incorporation of [3H]methyl thymidine. A more recent non-isotopic variation of the assay utilizes bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in…

Development of toxicity values and exposure estimates for tetrabromobisphenol…

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is used in a diverse array of products to improve fire safety. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) recently completed a 2-year bioassay for TBBPA. The objective of the present study was to develop a cancer-based and a non-cancer based toxicity value and to compare such to appropriate estimates of human exposure. Data from the NTP 2-year and 13-week studies were …

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell absorbers processed from Na-containing solutions in…

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 absorbers were processed from metal salt solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and annealed in reactive Se atmosphere. A simple way to introduce sodium doping by adding NaCl to the initial precursor solution is presented. The additional sodium has no significant effect on the absorber morphology, but it improves the device performance from 5.01% to 6.09%. The sodium doping clea…

The efficiency challenge of nitride light-emitting diodes for lighting

We discuss the challenges of light-emitting diodes in view of their application to solid-state lighting. The requirement is to at least displace the quite efficient fluorescent, sodium, and high intensity discharge lamps used today in the main energy consuming lighting sectors, industrial, commercial and outdoors, with more efficient and better light quality lamps.We show that both from the poi…

An alternative non-vacuum and low cost ESAVD method for the deposition of Cu(…

In this article, an environmentally friendly and non-vacuum electrostatic spray assisted vapor deposition (ESAVD) process has been developed as an alternative and low cost method to deposit CIGS absorber layers. ESAVD is a non-vacuum chemical vapor deposition based process whereby a mixture of chemical precursors is atomized to form aerosol. The aerosol is charged and directed towards a heated…

Large-Scale Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots and Their Use in O…

An easy and green synthetic strategy for the one-pot large-scale preparation of carbon nanodots (C-dots) is demonstrated. The C-dots have a series of excellent optical features such as strong fl uorescence and excitationwavelength-dependent photoluminescence properties. Notably, C-dots can be rapidly and facilely achieved on a large scale (e.g., 0.3 g C-dots/25 min)by using cheap, accessible, a…

Toward Smart and Ultra-effi cient Solid-State Lighting

Solid-state lighting has made tremendous progress this past decade, with the potential to make much more progress over the coming decade. In this article, the current status of solid-state lighting relative to its ultimate potential to be “smart” and ultra-effi cient is reviewed. Smart, ultra-effi cient solid-state lighting would enable both very high “effective” effi ciencies and pote…

Rapid thermal processing annealing challenges for large scale Cu2ZnSnS4 thin …

Electrodeposition followed by rapid thermal annealing is a favorable process for industrial solar thin film fabrication. In this regard, we attempt to develop a process for earth-abundant pure sulfide kesterite solar cells fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) at pre-industrial scale (1515 cm2). Synthesis at a large scale is a challenging issue that we attempt to address discussing the choice of ann…

High moisture corn stover pelleting in a flat die pellet mill fitted with a 6…

The quality and specific energy consumption (SEC) of the biomass pellets produced depend upon pelleting process conditions. The present study includes understanding the effect of feedstock moisture in the range of 28–38% (wet basis [w.b.]) and preheating in the range of 30–110°C at two die speeds of 40 and 60 Hz on the physical properties and SEC. A flat die pellet mill fitted with a 6 mm…

Photonic nanostructures for advanced light trapping in thin crystalline silic…

We report on the fabrication, integration, and simulation, both optical and optoelectrical, of two-dimensional photonic nanostructures for advanced light trapping in thin crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. The photonic nanostructures are fabricated by the combination of various lithography (nanoimprint, laser interference, and hole mask colloidal) and etching (dry plasma and wet chemical) …

Investigations of the Electronic Structure and Bandgap of the Next-Generation…

The research on novel, suitable materials for phosphorconverted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, due to their dramatically increased energy effi ciency compared to conventional light sources. The replacement of conventional sources, such as incandescent lamps, is considered a fundamental step toward reducing worldwide electrical energy consumpti…

In situ synchrotron-based X-ray powder diffraction and micro-Raman study of b…

The applications of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and laser micro-Raman techniques in an examination of the dissolution, transformation,and gasification of pure cellulose and models for biomass residue under hydrothermal conditions in a diamond-anvil cell are reported. The results contribute to the measurement of in situ time-resolved profiles of biomass reactions, catalyst stabi…

Manufacturing 100-mm-thick silicon solar cells with efficiencies greater than…

Reducing wafer thickness while increasing power conversion efficiency is the most effective way to reduce cost per Watt of a silicon photovoltaic module. Within the European project 20 percent efficiency on less than 100-mm-thick, industrially feasible crystalline silicon solar cells (“20plms”), we study the whole process chain for thin wafers, from wafering to module integration and life-c…

Three-dimensional energetic and exergetic analysis of the injection orientati…

Three-dimensional (3-D) computational code was implemented to solve conservation equations based on finite volume method as to simulate 1.8 L Ford diesel engine. Velocity and pressure of each computational cell is achieved by SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) algorithm. For the exergetic aspect, the initial condition is set at 0.1 MPa and 300 K. The engine modeling is…

Growth evaluation method by live imaging of Daphnia magna and its application…

The zooplankton Daphnia magna has been widely used as a test organism to assess the toxicity of chemical substances because of its important position in aquatic ecology and its ease of handling. Among the various endpoints for toxicity evaluation, growth rate is one of the most critical and many studies have been conducted. However, measurement of growth rate was time-consuming and not an idea…

Large-grained Cu2ZnSnS4 layers sintered from Sn-rich solution-deposited precu…

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) layers are deposited by a direct solution coating of metal salts dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)and thiourea as sulphur source. An intentional Sn-rich precursor is used and the influence of reactive and inert atmosphere on the layer morphology is investigated during high temperature sintering. Larger grain growth is observed when annealing the precursor in inert N2 atmos…

Triphenylamine-functionalized corrole sensitizers for solar-cell applications

New corrole sensitizers having a triphenylamine moiety at the –meso position and a carboxylic anchoring group at the pyrroleb position, in both free-base and copper complex forms, have been designed, synthesized, and tried as sensitizers in dyesensitized solar cells. All the substituted carboxy-corroles were completely characterized from structural, optical and electrochemical points of view.…

Understanding organic thin-filmtransistor fabrication based on application-re…

In this study, the focus is on understanding organic thin-film transistor fabrication based on application-relevant processing techniques like inkjet printing for deposition of the semiconductor and patterning of top-contacts using conventional photolithography and etching. A clear relation between the morphology of the semiconductor film resulting from the printing process and the measured dev…