Summary .— Listening to music during strength workouts has become a very common practice. The goal of this study was to assess the eff ect of listening to self-selected music on strength performances. Thirty-one resistance-trained men ( M age = 24.7 yr., SD = 5.9; M height = 178.7 cm, SD = 4.7; M body mass = 83.54 kg,SD = 12.0) were randomly assigned to either a Music group ( n = 19) or to a…
Summary .— Evidence suggests that task-based training approaches can improve the performance of children with handwriting diffi culties. The present case study tests the effi cacy of the Handwriting Task Program (HTP). Three male children (9–10 yr. old) with poor handwriting skills and diff erent developmental disorders participated in the HTP, twice per week, for 13 wk. Handwriting legibi…
We consider a general auction market model with divisible commodities and price functions of participants and show that it can be suitable for proper description of complex systems with active elements. Using its equivalent variational inequality reformulation, we obtain a general existence result under mild additional conditions on price functions.We show that the basic network flow equilibri…
Summary .— This study provided validity evidence for the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) to classify respondents into active and insuffi ciently active categories. Members of a fi tness center [45 women and 55 men; mean ( SD ) age = 45.5 (10.6) yr.] completed the questionnaire. Using only moderate and strenuous scores, those with a leisure score index ≥…
Summary .— The aim of this study was to investigate the eff ect of proprioception on working memory. It was also of interest whether an acute and highly intensive period of exercise would yield working memory gains. The training group completed a series of proprioceptively demanding exercises. There were also control classroom and yoga groups. Working memory was measured using a backward dig…
Summary .— This study assessed the relative age eff ect (RAE) in judo athletes who participated in the Olympic Games from 1964 to 2012. The names and birthdates of the Olympic judo athletes were collected from open-access websites. Data from male ( n = 1,762) and female ( n = 665) competitors were analyzed separately. Chi-squared tests were performed to investigate REA in medalists, and by w…
Background: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a traction apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity. Ultrasonography (US) is able to detect pathologic changes, such as cartilage swelling and fragmentation of the tibial tubercle ossification center. Purpose: To compare the US stages of tibial tuberosity development and the physical features and prevalence of OSD in this patient cohort. Study Design:…
Background: Several previous investigations have determined potential risk factors for stress fractures in athletes and military personnel. Purpose: To determine factors associated with the development of stress fractures in female athletes. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 88 female athletes (cross-country, n ¼ 29; soccer, n ¼ 15; swimming, n ¼ …
Background: There are limited data on injuries sustained during men’s lacrosse. As the sport gains popularity, practitioners will be more likely to treat lacrosse players. Purpose: To analyze data from the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of injuries reported during the 2010 World Lacrosse C…
Background: Superficial skin injuries are considered minor, and their incidence is probably underestimated. Insight into the incidence and mechanism of acute skin injury can be helpful in developing suitable preventive measures and safer playing surfaces for soccer and other field sports. Purpose: To gain insight into the incidence and severity of skin injuries related to soccer and to describ…
Background: Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is performed in a predominantly young and often female population due to the prevalence of patellofemoral disorders in this group. While considered a procedure that falls within the realm of sports surgeries,the procedure can carry significant morbidity, including infection, fracture, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The incidence of postoperative DVT …
Background: Single-leg balance (SLB) can be chronically impaired after low back pain (LBP). Impaired SLB is a risk factor for recurrent LBP and lower extremity injury. In the United States military, the special forces operator (SFO) deploys on high-risk missions under extreme conditions, and impaired SLB can potentially threaten SFO safety and mission success. Purpose: To compare SLB in fully …
Background: Hamstring injuries are the second most common injury causing missed days in professional baseball field players. Recent studies have shown the preventive benefit of eccentric conditioning on the hamstring muscle group in injury prevention. Specifically, Nordic-type exercises have been shown to decrease the incidence of acute hamstring injuries in professional athletes. Purpose: Thi…
Background: Traumatic knee dislocation is becoming more prevalent because of improved recognition and increased exposure to high-energy trauma, but long-term results are lacking. Purpose: To present 2 cases with minimum 20-year follow-up and a review of the literature to illustrate some of the fundamental principles in the management of the dislocated knee. Study Design: Review and case repor…
Background: Repetitive tensile stresses from valgus torque can induce elbow injury in adolescent baseball players. Insufficient hip range ofmotion (ROM) can change throwingmechanics, reducing the transfer of energy from the lower to the upper extremities. Thus,hip ROM limitations may force the upper extremities to bear the burden of a strong throw. Improper pitching mechanics caused by insuffic…
Background: There has been recent interest in the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications on musculoskeletal healing. No studies have yet addressed the effect of these medications on meniscal healing. Hypothesis: The administration of ketorolac in the perioperative period will result in higher rates of meniscal repair clinical failure.Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence,…
Background: Bone block length for bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has traditionally been 25mm in length. The previous surgical technique did not require the surgeon to pay particular attention to the length of the bone block, and therefore, there is scant evidence in the literature describing ideal lengths. With the gaining popularity of acce…
Background: Hip endoscopy facilitates the treatment of extra-articular disorders of the proximal femur. Unfortunately, current knowledge of proximal femur anatomy is limited to qualitative descriptions and lacks surgically relevant landmarks. Purpose: To provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of proximal femur anatomy in reference to surgically relevant bony landmarks. Study Design: …
Background: A delay in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is associated with an increase in the number of concomitant meniscal and chondral injuries. Factors that contribute to this delay have not been well described. Hypothesis: Socioeconomic and demographic factors are related to ACL surgery timing. Study Methods: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Me…
Background: Articular cartilage (AC) injuries and malformations are commonly noticed because of trauma or age-related degeneration. Many methods have been adopted for replacing or repairing the damaged tissue. Currently available AC repair methods, in several cases, fail to yield good-quality long-lasting results, perhaps because the reconstructed tissue lacks the cellular and matrix properties…
Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a well-recognized cause of elbow pain and disability in adolescent athletes. However, little is known about the prevalence of OCD in adolescent baseball players. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of OCD in baseball players aged 10 to 12 years based on ultrasonographic findings and to investigate the clinical characteristics of…
Background: Medial meniscus root tear (MMRT) is a recently recognized yet frequently missed meniscal tear pattern that biomechanically creates an environment approaching meniscal deficiency. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of MMRT on tibiofemoral kinematics and arthrokinematics during daily activities by comparing the injured knees of subjects with isolat…
Background: Little knowledge exists on postoperative recovery of pain and shoulder function following arthroscopic removal of calcific deposits of the supraspinatus tendon (ACDSSP). Certain factors may influence outcome, including acromial morphology. Purpose: To examine postoperative recovery following ACDSSP without acromioplasty and to analyze influential outcome factors. Study Design: Cas…
Background: With improved understanding of the biomechanical importance of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), its reconstruction for patellar dislocation has become increasingly popular. The aim of this systematic review was to critically determine the effectiveness of MPFL reconstruction for patellar dislocation. Hypothesis: MPFL reconstruction for patellar dislocation leads to a low …
Background: Many studies have compared the diagnostic capabilities of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners to high-field MRI scanners; however, few have evaluated the low-field MRI diagnoses compared with intraoperative findings. Purpose: To determine the accuracy and sensitivity of low-field MRI scanners in diagnosing lesions of the rotator cuff and glenoid labrum. Study Desig…
Identifying and communicating uncertainty is core to effective environmental assessment (EA). This study evaluates the extent to which uncertainties are considered and addressed in Canadian EA practice. We reviewed the environmental protection plans, follow-up programs, and panel reports (where applicable) of 12 EAs between 1995 and 2012. The types of uncertainties and levels of disclosure var…
Purpose – One would not commonly associate democracy with Singapore, instead scholars have often described Singapore as an illiberal democracy and an authoritarian state. At the same time, all Singaporean school students recite the national pledge of allegiance in school every morning, in which they pledge “to build a democratic society based on justice and equality”.What do students …
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of recent examples of action competence among young people engaged in democratic participatory action in sustainability programs in Australia. It explores examples of priorities identified for citizen action, the forms this action takes and the ways that democratic participation can achieve positive outcomes for future …
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain why Singapore has succeeded in curbing the problem of police corruption and to identify the six lessons which other Asian countries can learn from Singapore’s experience. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes the causes of police corruption in Singapore during the British colonial period and describes the measures adopted …
Purpose – Higher education teaching is analogous to delivering services in various business sectors. Students are regarded as customers of universities having specific needs and wants, which, if well recognized, can lead to creating delightful student experiences. This paper aims to identify the core ideas about excellent teaching in business schools which faculty members may notice in ord…
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the major development of global citizenship education (GCE) as part of Hong Kong’s secondary school curriculum guidelines, which reveals how it has developed from, first, asking students to understand their responsibilities as citizens to now challenging injustice and inequality in the world. Hong Kong’s curriculum guidelines started to…
Background: Labral tears often occur in the same quadrant of the acetabulum at a small depression previously referred to as the psoas valley. Understanding the anatomic variations of this depression could help us understand the etiology of labral tears. Purpose: To describe the location and dimensions of the depression located in the anterosuperior acetabular rim. The hypothesis was that the l…
Background: Shoulders of throwing and swimming athletes are highly stressed joints that often show structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, while water polo players exhibit a combination of throwing and swimming movements,a specific pattern of pathological findings has not been described. Purpose: To assess specific MRI abnormalities in shoulders of elite water po…
Background: There is a dearth of research on the current health of former collegiate athletes. Purpose: To examine the current health and related correlates in a cohort of former collegiate athletes who played in a diverse range of men’s and women’s sports with various levels of contact. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Former collegiate athletes (N ¼ …
Background: Specific weightbearing instructions continue to be a part of routine orthopaedic clinical practice on an injured or postoperative extremity. Researchers and clinicians have struggled to define the best weightbearing strategies to maximize clinical outcomes. Purpose: To investigate the average percentage body weight (APBW) values, weightbearing distribution percentages (WBDP),and ca…
Background: Most knee joint biomechanics studies have involved knees with an isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, a large portion of patients with injured ACLs have accompanied meniscus tearing. In this study, the in vivo alteration of knee biomechanics after tearing the ACL with or without combined medial or lateral meniscus tear was investigated during stairascending act…
Background: In Australian football, lower limb injuries have had the highest incidence and prevalence rates. Previous studies have shown that football players with relatively more severe preseason and playing season hip, groin, and thigh injuries had a significantly smaller multifidus muscle compared with players with no lower limb injuries. Rehabilitation of the multifidus muscle,with restorat…
Background: Following various types of naturally occurring traumatic injury to an articular joint, the lubricating ability of synovial fluid is impaired, with a correlated alteration in the concentration and/or structure of lubricant molecules, hyaluronan, and proteoglycan-4 (PRG4). However, the effect of arthroscopic cartilage repair surgery on synovial fluid lubricant function and composition…
Background: Many factors are believed to contribute to throwing injuries in baseball pitchers, in particular overuse and poor throwing mechanics. The impact of fatigue on pitching biomechanics in live-game situations is not well understood. Hypothesis: Pitchers will demonstrate significant deviation in their pitching motions with increasing levels of fatigue. Study Design: Descriptive laborat…
When elementary courses in discrete and combinatorial mathematics first became popular, they usually covered a broad spectrum of pure and applied topics. Most of the students taking such courses were from mathematics and computer science, with a handful of brave souls from other disciplines. Those other students usually found the courses quite difficult. However, the applications were usefu…
Our book is intended to serve as both a textbook for graduate level courses in enfineering and reference volume for engineers and scientist. We assume that the reader has the background of the B.S. level mechanics courses in departements of civil, mevhanical, or aerospace engineering. Aside from synthesizing the main results already available in the literature, our book also contains some new r…
Background: Lateral meniscal tears are often seen with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and may be left in situ,repaired, or treated with meniscectomy. Clinical studies have shown good outcomes with vertical tears left in situ and poor outcomes following meniscectomy. However, clinically relevant studies are needed to establish a biomechanical foundation for treatment of these tear…
Background: Shoulder instability can cause both soft tissue injury and bone defects, requiring both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a thorough workup, which results in high patient costs and radiation exposure. Prior studies in cadaveric and nonclinical models have shown promise in assessing preoperative bone loss utilizing MRI. Purpose: To evaluate the utilit…
Background: Scapular kinematic movement patterns between patients with subacromial impingement and healthy controls have been extensively investigated. However, a high degree of variability has been reported in the literature pertaining to differences between these 2 groups. Purpose: To investigate the influence of subacromial pain on scapular kinematics. Study Design: Controlled laboratory s…
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a significant injury in male National Hockey League (NHL) players. Purpose: To determine (1) the return to sport (RTS) rate in the NHL following ACL reconstruction, (2) performance on RTS, and (3)the difference in RTS and performance between players who underwent ACL reconstruction and controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evide…
Background: Professional American football is a physically demanding, high-impact sport with an elevated risk of injury. Orthopaedic injuries may impose acute, short-term or cumulative consequences throughout a player’s lifetime. Several studies have addressed health and psychosocial concerns of an older, retired population of players in the National Football League (NFL); however,minimal res…
Background: Femoroacetabular impingement is a debilitating hip condition commonly affecting athletes playing American football. The condition is associated with reduced hip range of motion; however, little is known about the range-of-motion demands of football athletes. This knowledge is critical to effective management of this condition. Purpose: To (1) develop a normative database of game-li…
Background: For competitive athletes, return to play (RTP) and return to preinjury levels of performance after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are the main goals of surgery. Although outcomes of ACL surgery are well studied, details on factors influencing RTP in elite college football players have not been evaluated thoroughly. Purpose: To determine the rate of RTP following AC…
Liming has important implications for N dynamics in acidic soils planted with legumes that are not fully understood. We used a 15N tracer (K15NO3) to examine N dynamics in a Chromic Luvisol planted with soybean with and without lime in environmentally-controlled chambers set at 20°C and 30°C (full factorial design). Liming increased total N and 15N recovery in soybean, but had no effect…
Nitrogen (N) deposition has been increasing in alpine ecosystems, but its fate in soils and plants remains unclear. We assumed that the increased N load will be efficiently retained in alpine ecosystems but that the degree of N use efficiency changes with elevation. Thus, we performed a 3-year 15N tracer experiment, in which we added 1 g m–2 of either NH415NO3 or 15NH4NO3 fertilizer to a pl…