Since 1843 when Sir John Lawes and Sir Henry Gilbert started several long-term field experiments at Rothamsted Research, up to now a lot of long term experiences have been developed in the world. In this research we analysed the economic impact of crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization level upon the wheat crop. The research was performed in a long term experiment established in 1981, in a bi…
Fruit formations of Xanthium italicum were gathered from plants, sand and a river bank. They were put in germination conditions to observe how this process takes places and what the seedlings’ growth rate is in the early stages, until the first true leaf appears. Data were processed by variance analysis; using the Duncan test, the correlations between germination and seedlings’ growth in X.…
Climatic conditions of the year 2014 in south-east of the Romania in April and May were atypically. At NARDI Fundulea,rainfalls level, both in April and May were over multiyear average, while air temperature was slight higher then multiyear average in April and lower then multiyear average in May. At ARDS Marculesti, registered rainfall level was slight lower then multiyear average in April and…
In the past decade Europe and the EU in particular are facing a major deficit on soy protein. In the case of certified non-GM soy protein this deficit is even broader. EU counts for 0.4% of worldwide soybeans acreage. Soybean imports – grain equivalent – represent 95% of the European annual consumption of 38 million tons. The EU accession of the countries from the Danube region and the asso…
First constructed two and a half centuries ago, the hydraulic ram is one of the oldest mechanical devices for water lifting. The first application utilised the principle for the water supply of a brewery. In this set up a water valve had to be manually closed. Very soon upgrades for an automatic operation of the device were adapted. With technological progress also the ram was improved, but got…
Italy is the largest producer of table chestnuts in Europe. This study focuses on the chestnut supply chain in South Tyrol (Alto Adige/Südtirol), a northern Italian province where chestnuts are currently of minor importance in relation to other crops such as apples and grapes. Nevertheless, a small number of chestnut farmers keep a historically rooted tradition alive. A detailed survey of the …
Focusing on agro-pastoralism and the change in farmland use by the highlanders in Ladakh, Domkhar valley in lower Ladakh was selected as the research site. Domkhar valley has a total population of 1,269 people and 193 households and is divided into three villages based on their locations: Domkhar Do (lower village, 3,000 to 3,100 meters altitude), Domkhar Barma (middle village,3,400 to 3,500 me…
Stone in the past decades has been the most widely used building material, highly tied to the natural environment. The stone walls, dams, warehouses, farmhouses, paving, etc., are remarkable stone constructions and functional creations. Stone as building material was originating from rocks in the near territory, resulting an absolute harmony with the natural environment. From a hydrological a…
Ecological rainwater management methods in urban areas can contribute to: 1) reduction of total rain water runoff and of its peak, 2) storage of rainwater, in order to cover low quality water demand, such as park irrigation, 3) local aquifer replenishment,4) reduction of property damage and activity disruption, which is due to insufficient sewer networks, 5) improvement of rain runoff quality t…
The main objective of this research is to evaluate crop water stress index (CWSI) on eggplant under various irrigation regimes applied with subsurface and surface drip systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The field experiments were carried out during the eggplant season of 2013, in the experimental fields of Soil and Water Resources Research Unit in Tarsus. In the study, two i…
Managing water sustainably in a 'green' economy means using water more efficiently in all sectors and ensuring that ecosystems have the quantity and quality of water needed to function effectively. Despite the increasing demand for water and its scarcity in some regions in Europe and the Mediterranean basin, "water use efficiency" or Water Productivity, is claimed to be unsatisfactory. In many …
Use of rain gardens and other ecological rainwater management methods in urban areas can contribute to: 1) reduction of total rain water runoff and of its peak, 2) storage of rainwater, in order to cover low quality water demand, such as irrigation of gardens, 3) local aquifer replenishment, 4) reduction of property damage and activity disruption, which is due to insufficient sewer network capa…
The study of the hydraulic buildings and the exemplary case of several urban systems, whose growth was supported by the hydraulic frame, intended to understand and clarify the importance of water on the Canarias landscape. Mills, wells, ditches, ponds and reservoirs directly shaped the landscape, constituting themselves visible lines and indirectly, by conditioning the provision of agricultu…
The purpose of this study was to implement the monthly FAO Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration estimation method in a GIS environment, given the importance of spatial estimation of the evapotranspiration in the rational management of water resources and also the lack of easily applicable methodology in GIS environment. In this context, a Python programming language script was developed for imple…
The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil hydrodynamic characteristics, i.e. water retention curve and field saturated hydraulic conductivity, at reclaimed agricultural land of Messolonghi polder in Greece (38o 21’ 58’’ N; 21o 28’ 41’’ E). The reclaimed Dutch type pilot-polder of Messolonghi was chosen as study area, because of its characteristics. The area is most likely…
Agriculture is the largest consumer of water. Since water demand for irrigational purposes is expected to rise and given the fact that freshwater is not an unlimited resource, conflicts about the use of water and allocation issues are becoming more intense. The present paper examines the potential for water conflict when water consumption for irrigation takes place. In order to contribute to th…
Hydronomic works (rivers and streams arrangement works) have as target the dissuasion of control of torrent effects (disintegration, erosion, sliding, crumbling etc), the stabilization of stream sides and the providing of flood protection. Additionally hydronomic works in downgraded hydrologic basins and river sides, except of the provided protection, contribute to the formation and evolutio…
Various methods to visualize, map and graph European drought events since the 1970s are now available through the European Drought Observatory (EDO). Monitoring drought is a task that requires the combination of various data sources and indicators in order to provide a comprehensive picture of this complex natural event and its manifold impacts. The monitoring of rainfall and temperature for…
Development of modern irrigation and drainage networks is one of the effective strategies to preventing water losses and optimal usage of water resources in agricultural section. So far, about 1.8 million ha of the total 8.5 million ha irrigated lands are irrigated using modern irrigation networks in Iran. Many new irrigation networks are also under construction. In the other hand, recent studi…
Installing drainage systems in saturated soils decreases the level of the subsurface water table and enables the creation of groundwater reservoirs without gravity water – i.e. drainage retention capacity (DREC). DREC, developed by the hydraulic functions of a drainage system, can be defined as a groundwater reservoir, which is limited by soil surface and which occupies an intermediate positi…
In all ancient traditions, drainage and irrigation in the region of Gjirokastra, are starting to become so planned and organized over the years 1967-1968. The year 1969 was the most successful year because 32 aqueducts were built that accounted for 36.8% of the water supply built up to that period. In 1970’s were accomplished mainly drainage works in Drino Valley along the river banks of Perm…
Climatic parameters obtained from the meteorological measurements over a long period represent a start position for monitoring and forecasting climate changes in the future. The paper observes monthly values of climatic parameters such as minimum and maximum air temperature (Tmin, Tmax), precipitation, wind speed at 2 m height (u2) and actual vapor pressure (ea) from twelve meteorological stati…
With regard to the growing shortage of water resources, especially in dry and dry-half regions, the issue of amount of the existing water networks to down the basin irrigation and drainage is very important. Hamidiehmodern irrigation networks and drainage which located on the left and the right side of Karkhenoor area that exactly located on the the domain of network south Karkhe. Current resea…
The effective usage of limited water resources and ensuring of agricultural sustainability especially in case of using poor quality water for irrigation in arid and semiarid regions require a good irrigation management and management tools. The SALTMED model has been developed as an integrated model that can simulate soil moisture, salinity distribution, leaching requirements and crop yield by …
While Europe is by large considered as having adequate water resources, water scarcity and drought is an increasingly frequent and widespread phenomenon in the European Union. The long term imbalance resulting from water demand exceeding available water resources is no longer uncommon (EU, 2012). Objective of this paper is to show how the tools, based on the operational implementation of Earth …
Technology and its "products", when unearthed from archaeologists, are irrefutable witnesses of the technological level of each era and place. Evaluation of archaeological finds in relation to the advanced technology of each era and compared to the ancient literature, could infer conclusions regarding the nature of relations between different civilizations. Metallurgy, construction technology a…
The construction of the Alqueva reservoir in a semi-arid Mediterranean landscape brought new opportunities for irrigated farming. Land use changes and climate change may alter the risk of soil erosion that was not predicted in the initial development plans and decrease the lifetime of the investment. A comprehensive methodology that integrates the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)…
Agricultural irrigation canals are widespread across southern France, where they cover a large portion of the Provençal region. While they are still extensively used in productive farming, part of the irrigated area is gradually being taken over by peri-urban habitat and business and industrial parks. As a result, some parts of the canal network have now been abandoned, either built over or tu…
Amvrakikos Wetlands National Park is located in the North-West Greece. It is an area of high environmental importance, as it is characterized by a very rich biodiversity. Because of it's importance, the north part of the gulf is protected by Ramsar Convention and is part of the EU NATURA network. The adjacent plain of Arta (most of which is part of the land part of the park), hosts intensively …
The studied agricultural landscape is situated to the south and southeast from the volcanic mass of Polana. Terrain of the submountain area is smoothly denudated because it had been eroded for a long time before the volcanic period. Valleys of the Bystry potok and Riecka streams correspond with tectonic faults. The region was colonized during the 17th century by pastorals and later by peasants.…
The driving force of future agricultural industry is to provide sufficient yield that satisfy the needs of consumers and meet their interests in terms of quality. Soilless cultivation is intensively used in protected agriculture to improve control over the growing environment and to avoid uncertainties in the water and nutrient status of the soil. Recently the type of soilless culture transform…
Moderate water stress tomato cultivated hydroponically in the greenhouse contains high lycopene and very sensitive to storage temperatures. This study aimed to observe the effect of storage temperatures on the lycopene content and color quality parameters of tomato (both moderate water stress and no water stress tomato). The lycopene content of water stress tomato increased ith the temperatures…
Plantation sector such as tea has been playing an important role to rural economic. This sector is labor intensive and has been providing an aid program to involve farmers in surrounding area to plant the same crops and buy the yield. However due to lower productivity of farmers, problem in quality and price selling arose and prolonged to other problems. Several policies has been proposed to…
After harvesting, pears undergo numerous biochemical processes and frequently fail to reach acceptable quality. The uses of packaging and ethylene (C2H4) absorber are regarded as well-known ways to solve that problem. However, accumulated CO2 in the package can promote the symptoms of internal browning on pear flesh also exacerbated by too low O2 concentrations. To inhibit the symptoms in ‘Si…
The aim of this research was to know the influences of 7P marketing mix variables, which consists of product, price, promotion, place, people, physical evidence and process on purchasing decision of consumers in determining appropriate marketing strategy of Malang apples at Giant MOG. The result analysis showed that the most influential marketing mix variable was price with the odd pricing as t…
Essential resource elements in crop production are light, water, carbon dioxide and fertilizer. Optimum design for airconditioning and lightings in plant factory system is required to realize the economical operation of plant factory because most energy consuming elements of plant factory system are air-conditioning and lightings. In this sense application of solid state lighting sources such a…
The paper aims at analyzing the level of knowledge and the perception of the concepts of sustainability and well-being of high school students in Tuscany. It is an explorative study carried out during specific events held in high schools with the support of the teachers; during the events, students were asked to fill a questionnaire designed to elicit their relation with these topics as well as…
Dracocephalum moldavica L. which is known as dragonhead is an annual herbaceous aromatic plant belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is native to central Asia and has been naturalized in eastern and central Europe. Extracts and oil from this plant are used widely in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and flavouring industries. Because mycological quality is important for industrial use of seeds of t…
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a huge group of chemicals that have been linked to various adverse health effects in humans, independent on where they live. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) belong to the group of Persistent Organic Pollutants,being one of the most widespread environmental pollutants. Even exposure to low levels of PCBs conducts to various acute and chronic health effec…
The present study aims to highlight the importance of the consulting activity in identifying and defining the specific problems of the population in agriculture, solving alternatives, choice of solutions and their implementation. Based on these considerations,we initiated a study in C
So far, external parasites of Apis mellifera (A. externus, A. dorsalis, A. vagans) bees have been identified in many countries in Europe, but the level of infestation was not considered dangerous. In Romania cases of infestation with the three mentioned species were not identified in Apis mellifera, but their presence has been reported in some neighbor countries. The purpose of this paper is to…
Currently, the issue of traditional products is of great interest because it focuses on traditional and ancient recipes manufacturing compliance. 3 traditional meat products (peasant file - 8 samples, peasant neck -7 samples and peasant chest – 3 samples) were submitted to analyse. For all samples, organoleptic assessment (shape and dimensions, general aspect, aspect on section, smell and tas…
Moulds are filamentous fungi which induce alteration on food and feed. The early detection of alteration fungal microbiota is essential for effective control strategies. In this study, we have investigated the moulds diversity of grape berry during bunch closure stage. Fungal strains were isolated from two indigenous grape varieties Cadarc
The use of ecologic honey as a sweetener or nutritional-energetic supplement represents the best solution for maintaining the health of the human body. The achievement of this goal requires, besides a proper nutritional education, also the use of specific technological processes that allow the quality and quantity increase of this product. For this purpose, energo-protein supplements have be…
At present, family farming is a subject of great importance for sustainable development of rural communities and promotion of healthy lifestyle. According to FAO Policies, family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour, including both women’s and…
The risk of increasing frequency and duration of dry periods has become much more discussed topic with respect to expected climate change. This can result in water scarcity for different purposes. Besides others, agriculture and river ecosystems can be mentioned as those which can suffer from droughts. The retention of the landscape is therefore still more accented. Increase of landscape retent…
Construction of embankments composed of local active clayey materials presents serious difficulties in operation due to their sensibility to the variations of temperature and humidity. Improving some characteristics of active clays by adding inactive materials and avoid exposure at temperature and humidity variations leads to improvement of embankments stability. In this case study, the inactiv…
Industrialization, overpopulation and natural resources exploitation lead to irreversible climate changes, affecting human life in each aspect. The major challenge in the evaluation of climate change is to predict the impact on population and take the necessary measures to reduce and minimize such effects. European Union and worldwide governments have implemented numerous policies to determine …
The management of water resources is a priority for development of the places and welfare of people that supply, especially in water bodies most affected by anthropic pressures. Moreover, the increasing of sudden and extreme climatic phenomena appearance urges to resource planning in specific situations. In this research, the evolution of the piezometric surface has been simulated as the basis …
Flow cytometry is recognized as a useful tool in environmental microbiology studies, regarding oil contamination sites. This study was focused on cytometric analysis of cellular growth of P. fluorescens S7A strain, previously isolated from oil polluted soil, in order to assess bacterial response to different n-hexadecane and, respectively, standard oil concentration using two fluorescent tracer…