Biosafety Tips brings you practical approaches to biosafety or “news you can use.” If you are looking for a useful and sensible solution to a biocontainment problem orperhaps a reference to help convince a skeptical researcher about the need for caution, this is the place to look. In this column I share some biosafety insights for managing a variety of workplace situations. I welcome feedb…
Abstract: Biocontainment doors are a key part of high-containment shells and an integral part of a complex system. Designing a facility for these doors, as well as their installation and commissioning, is a challenging task. This article reviews biosafety regulations and standards to decipher when and where biocontainment doors are required within a high-containment facility. It then illustra…
Abstract: Laboratory-acquired infections due to nontyphoidal Salmonella are rare. Yet, recent outbreaks in microbiology teaching laboratories show that these species are still an appreciable occupational hazard for laboratory employees. This article presents two cases of nontyphoidal Salmonella that occurred at the authors’ institution—an infected patient and a clinical laboratory worker w…
Abstract: The Soviet Union had a unique system to control plague (causative agent, Yersinia pestis) and other “especially dangerous diseases.” This system continues to exist in many of the countries of the former Soviet Union, although with more limited funding. One of the key activities of the antiplague system is to look for the causative agent of plague in its natural reservoirs in the …
Abstract: Incident reporting is an important component of any biosafety program. Effective analysis of incident report data can be used to evaluate compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs) and the safety of different procedures and laboratorians, with the overall goal of preventing future incidents. This study analyzed incident reports from a BSL-3 select agent facility over a 3-y…
Abstract: This article discusses one of Japan’s newest research facilities—the RIKEN Brain Science Institute. The Brain Science Institute (BSI) conducts research that integrates multiple disciplines including medicine, biology, psychology, physics, computer science, and technology, and utilizes several different rodent models in a clean barrier facility. This article discusses the specific…
Abstract: Recombinant vaccinia viruses are popular tools for the delivery of heterologous genes for vaccination purposes. Vaccinia viruses are generally classified as risk group 2 biological agents (in accordance to directive 2000/54/EC), with the attenuated strain Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) being classified into risk group 1. For the analytical surveillance of genetic engineering op…
Abstract: Entities planning to conduct work in the United States with biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) must be registered with either the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Information pertaining to registration is described in a Guidance Document for Complet…
Abstract: The 2014 West African Ebola outbreak has spawned a chain of preparedness planning in the United States (U.S.). Although clinical and public health laboratories are hard at work preparing for the presentation of highly suspect patients, a number of issues have been identified that need to be addressed. Guidelines have been developed and distributed; procedures need to be revised and t…
Abstract: The need for nanomaterials biosafety and risk assessment is an offshoot of the widespread use of nanoscale particle (NP)-derived materials in over 300 nanotechnology-based products already in commerce, including over 70 healthcarerelatedproducts (WWICS, 2006). Rapid advances in material sciences research and the advent of new and highly sophisticated nanofabrication technologies have…
Abstract: Laboratory containment systems are designed to removen potentially infectious aerosolized particles from the worker’s environment. However, little evidence on the quantities of aerosol generated during common microbiological practices exists. This study’s objective was to measure aerosol and splash contamination during the microbiology techniques of serial dilution and pipettin…
Abstract: Filtering facepiece respirators should protect people in healthcare settings and in research and diagnostic laboratories from infection from biological agents or from other hazardous particles. To ensure sufficient personal protection, a properly fitting respirator is imperative. However, data about the usefulness of testing the proper fit of such respirators conflict. Some data fro…
Abstract: Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) and Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facility lab personnel routinely perform procedures that are capable of producing respirable aerosols. While these procedures are considered safe when performed in the closed environment of a biosafety cabinet (BSC), there are, nevertheless, limited data regarding the nature of the aerosols these procedures produce. This lack …
Abstract: Historically in the United States, occupational health and medical surveillance programs for biodefense laboratories that work with Biological Select Agents and Toxins (BSAT) or other infectious organisms are sponsored by the federal government (DoD, HHS, USDA, etc.) or state universities (Jahrling et al., 2009; Kortepeter et al., 2008; Risi et al., 2010). These programs are operated…
Conclusions: We do not yet know whether the “Seek and Kill” E. coli system will demonstrate effective and safe pathogen cell killing in in vivo situations, for other pathogens, or as a broad spectrum antimicrobial, but the well-designed Hwang et al. study provides enough positive results to make their approach a promising avenue to pursue.
Abstract: USAMRU-K Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID) is a program consisting of eight facilities (laboratories) that are centrally administered. It has instituted safety regulations in the past 5 years under specific safety standard operating procedures (SOPs) with a goal to minimize work-related risks, injuries, or illnesses to laboratory and clinical workers by ensuring that…
Abstract: This study investigates the influence of a moving patient on the transport characteristics of coughing particles by dynamic meshing and the Lagrangian particle tracking method. Through simulation, particle movement during the initial coughing, patient movement, and stationary flow phases was examined. Two different particle sizes (5 μm and 10 μm) were used and yielded small differ…
Abstract: Cooling towers are associated with transmission of the bacterium Legionella, the agent of Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever. This study analyzed the numbers of Legionella pneumophila collected from 1,336 commercial and industrial cooling towers over a 4-year period. These cooling towers were routinely treated with biocides to reduce the growth of Legionella. Comparisons of L…
Abstract: The life science industry continues to grow in leaps and bounds. Novel biological discoveries occur every day. Although in recent years the dollars spent for federally-funded biological research has decreased, the regulatory requirements under which this work must be conducted have expanded, and along with it, the responsibilities of the biosafety professional. In general, the role o…
Abstract: The underlying causes of many reported laboratory associated infections (LAIs) are often not objectively identified and are generally attributed to poor laboratory technique or surface contamination in the laboratory. While training and practice can enhance laboratory technique, an objective evaluation of laboratory surface cleanliness is typically not performed. However, this is no…
Abstract: Annual verification of an Animal Biosafety Level 3 (ABSL- 3) facility’s design and operational procedures is recommended by the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (5th edition) (BMBL) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009) and conducted by Iowa State University (ISU) Biosafety personnel by repeating initial verification testing. Annual verificat…
Abstract: In recent years, research efforts and measurement capabilities in biological science have significantly increased at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Biological experiments are often performed by NIST physicists, chemists, and engineers who are not traditionally trained in biological safety protocols. A biosafety working group comprised of research scientis…
Abstract: This study evaluated the inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Ames strain on all-weather paper using 1% and 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A suspension of approximately 1 x 108 colony forming units (CFU) of B. anthracis was dried on papercoupons and exposed to either 1% or 6% NaOCl (with or without the addition of surfactant) by wiping with a bleach-soaked towel or by spraying with a…
Abstract: Universities have Occupational Health and Safety Offices where safety professionals ensure compliance with regulations through the establishment of policies, procedures, and instructions. This traditional approach is being replaced by a more proactive system-based, comprehensive, business management approach known as a Safety Management System (SMS). The Duke-NUS (National University…
Abstract: While recognizing the importance of synthetic biology as an emerging field within science and technology, as well as its potential benefits toward economic growth, public health, energy, and the environment, this article argues that the biorisks involved from a biosafety, biosecurity, and bioethics perspective need to be addressed. To do so, a comprehensive approach combining the two…
Abstract: In this study, spores of Bacillus subtilis were used as a surrogate for spores of Bacillus anthracis. The mock-up air purification system consisted of one or two V-shaped banks of electrostatically polarized fibreglass filters that were installed within a rectangular wooden duct. Ultraviolet (UV) lights that swept across the surface of the filters were installed in front and back of …
Abstract: Positive pressure suits are widely used at BSL-4 to protect operators from contact with microbiological agents. As there is the potential for the outside of the suits to become contaminated during use, they must be decontaminated prior to final exit from the high-containment laboratory. Chemical showers are used to remove biological material from suits, and the shower effluent is co…
The Green Genes column focuses on biotechnology research and use of genetically modified plants for crop improvement, medical and veterinary biologics, alternative fuels, and environmental remediation. Genetically modified plants show promise for benefits to global health and the environment. At the same time, biotechnology research and products must be safe for the environment (flora and wildl…
Abstract: A hospital’s life science research facility experienced flooding due to a pipe bursting two floors above. In addition to water damage throughout the facility, mold spores were introduced and distributed throughout. Prior to repairs being made, a full facility decontamination took place to eliminate any mold or mold spores throughout the facility. Chlorine dioxide gas (CD) was chos…
Abstract: Water and reusable medical device surfaces can be contaminated by natural toxins such as ricin either accidentally or intentionally. This report focuses on the removal of peanut lectin (PL), a ricin surrogate, from water and reusable medical devices and materials. An ELISA assay was used to determine if commercially available water filters could remove peanut lectin from water, and i…
Abstract: Soap and water hand washing (HW) is recommended as the standard microbiological practice for removing transient microbes from laboratory workers’ hands. The effectiveness of HW in preventing pathogen transmission depends largely on the technique used by the individual, but little is known about laboratory workers’ compliance with recommended HW protocols. This study evaluated th…
Abstract: The biosafety and biosecurity profession has seen significant growth over the past several decades. The implementation of biosafety-related regulations and associated guidance documents has helped fuel the need for technically qualified professionals in the field. The objective of this article is to evaluate the factors that contribute to the salaries of biosafety professionals. In o…
Abstract: This review describes the susceptibilities of all currently HHS-listed and HHS/USDA Overlap select agents and toxins to 8 chemical and 2 physical decontaminants: alcohols, aldehydes, bleach/hypochlorite, iodine, peroxides, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, strong base, dry heat, and steam autoclaving. Inactivation protocols from the literature are presented to facilitate de…
Abstract: Biosafety Level Two Plus (BSL-2+) is a term frequently used to describe laboratories where work with microorganisms is conducted in a BSL-2 laboratory with biosafety practices and procedures typically found at BSL-3. The risk assessment process may determine that safety practices over and above those required at BSL-2 are needed for a research project, yet a more complex BSL-3 labora…
Abstract: Biocontainment facilities planning to possess or work with biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) require registration with the National Select Agent Registry. The registration process includes submission of documentation for review to either the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Select Agent Program or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant He…
Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viruses occasionally infect humans, but currently do not transmit efficiently among them. However, the risk for human pandemic influenza is a major concern should these viruses acquire the capacity for human-to-human transmission and retain their current virulence. Recently, two research teams have succeeded in modifying HPAI A (H5N…
Abstract: In this article the authors describe the application of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDITOF) Intact Cell Mass Spectrometry (ICMS) within a proficiency test organized by a European Union (EU)-funded project on the topic of Establishment of Quality Assurances for Detection of Highly Pathogenic Bacteria of Potential Bioterrorism Risk (EQADeBa). In total …
Abstract: Respiratory illnesses are increasingly recognized as a growing concern for healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. The 2003 hospital-based outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has once again highlighted the vulnerability of HCWs to aerosol-transmitted viral infections. Personal respiratory protective equipment was one of the key means for the HCWs to avoid nosocomial…
Conclusion: The device provides a good and simple solution for emergency shower testing. Laboratory staff performs the test on a monthly rotation basis. This ensures that the laboratory staff takes ownership of the emergency equipment and knows the location of the showers. Table 1 provides a measure of key parameters before and after implementing the use of this device
Abstract: The Class III Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) provides maximum personnel protection when it is adequately field certified and properly used. One of the major criteria for this protection is proper performance of the Class III BSC integrity (tracer gas) test as described in the National Institutes of Health Laboratory Safety Monograph (NCI, 1979). This article deals with the origins, …
Abstract: In developing minimum biosafety precautions for laboratories that conduct diagnostic testing for tuberculosis (TB), a risk assessment-based approach was used to define minimum precautions for individual procedures and processes. A consensusbuilding approach involving three expert committees was necessary because risk assessment is a subjective process with judgments based sometimes …
Abstract: This article explores the relative merits of soft regulatory mechanisms (SRM), generally known as soft power diplomacy, as a catalytic conduit to promote global awareness of bioethical issues as it relates to biosecurity and dual-use research of concern (DURC). Based on a 2-year international panel workshopstudy evaluating the sociocultural and bioethical dimensions of future biosecu…
Abstract: This study was designed to survey the existing Biosafety and Biosecurity levels of the clinical laboratories in order to assess the controls in place to keep the laboratory workers, and the surrounding community, safe from an outbreak of infectious diseases in Karachi, Pakistan. The survey also helped to evaluate the present level of Biorisk management practiced in these clinical lab…
Abstract: Formaldehyde gas, a probable carcinogen, was routinely used for decontamination prior to recertification of Class II Type A2 biological safety cabinets (BSCs) at U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3) in Cairo, Egypt. During decontamination, the gas is released when paraformaldehyde is heated, causing exposure risks. This article describes methods used to reduce the freque…
Abstract: Life scientists have with increasing intensity been requested to recognize and take responsibility for the potential dual use implications of their work. To assist in meeting these demands, a number of educational modules have been produced to raise awareness of relevant dual use and biosecurity issues. A main purpose of such efforts has been to nurture an active culture of dual use…
Abstract: Dry fogging is a relatively new decontamination technology that uses liquid disinfectant and compressed air as consumables. The ultrafine droplet size of the dry fog prevents it from easily falling onto surfaces, a desirable quality for space/ area decontaminations. Liquid peracetic acid (PAA) has been shown to have excellent microbicidal activity; however, it has compatibility issue…
Abstract: The APHIS/CDC Form 3, Report of Theft, Loss or Release of Select Agents and Toxins (TLR incident report) is the mechanism by which the theft, loss or release of a biological select agent and toxin (BSAT) is reported to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) or Health and Human Services (HHS)/ Center for Disease Control an…
Summary: The Pitt RBL Management Team has established an internal SOP for inactivation of biological agents for removal to a laboratory operating at a lower biosafety level. All investigators are required to provide a full description of any inactivation procedure, as well as detailed safetytesting data, for each pathogen. These must be reviewed and approved by the Team prior to routine use.…
Abstract: This study assessed the knowledge and awareness regarding routine biosafety measures and proper waste disposal practices among healthcare workers in Karachi, Pakistan, and also highlighted areas in which training was needed. To increase knowledge of biosafety and waste disposal requirements, the Virology & Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Jinnah University for…
Abstract The NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (Guidelines) require institutions that receive NIH funding for recombinant DNA (rDNA) research to establish an institutional biosafety committee (IBC) to review and approve rDNA experiments, and to ensure that rDNA research is conducted according to the Guidelines. Three national surveys of IBCs registered with the N…