The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of elevated [CO2] with varying nutrient management on rice–rice production system. The experiment was conducted in the open field and inside open-top chambers (OTCs) of ambient [CO2] (≈390 μmol L−1) and elevated [CO2] environment (25% above ambient) during wet and dry seasons in 2011–2013 at Kharagpur, India. The nutrient man…
Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is a major constraint to pea production worldwide. The pea cultivar Xucai 1 has shown high resistance to E. pisi under greenhouse and field conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in Xucai 1. Three crosses, Qizhen 76 × Xucai 1, Bawan 6 × Xucai 1, and Xucai 1 × Bawan…
Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.) is one of the most underresearched crops with respect to characterization of genetic resources and genetic enhancement. A total of 95 germplasm lines representing global collection were evaluated in two rainy seasons at Almora,Uttarakhand, India for qualitative and quantitative traits and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis. High variation was ob…
Seed aging decreases the quality and vigor of crop seeds, thereby causing substantial agricultural and economic losses in crops. To identify genetic differences in seed aging between homozygotes and heterozygotes in maize, the seeds of a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and an immortalized F2 (IF2) population were subjected to artificial aging treatments for 0, 2, 3, and 4 days under 45 �…
We investigated genetic variation of a rice HEADING DATE 1(HD1) homolog in foxtail millet. First, we searched for a rice HD1 homolog in a foxtail millet genome sequence and designed primers to amplify the entire coding sequence of the gene. We compared full HD1 gene sequences of 11 accessions (including Yugu 1, a Chinese cultivar used for genome sequencing) from various regions in Europe and A…
A two-year field experiment (2012–2013) was conducted to investigate the effects of two tillage methods and five maize straw mulching patterns on the yield, water consumption,and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China. Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and i…
Plants have evolved sophisticated defensemechanisms against herbivores to help them adapt to the environment. Understanding the defense mechanisms in plants can help us control insects in a more effective manner. In this study, we found that compared with Tianlong 2 (a cultivated soybean with insect susceptibility), ED059 (a wild soybean line with insect resistance) contains sharper pubescence …
The ameliorative effect of fulvic acid (0, 300, and 600 mg L−1) on photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme activity of the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plant under water stress (60, 100, and 140 mm evaporation from class A pan) was studied using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that application of fulvic acid (FA) improved the maximum…
Stem growth habit is an important agronomic trait in soybean and is subject to artificial selection. This study aimed to provide a theory for genotypic selection of stem growth habit for breeding purposes by analyzing the alleles of GmTfl1 gene in Chinese soybean varieties and establishing a database of GmTfl1 variation. Using knowledge of insertion and deletion (Indel) in the non-coding regio…
The rich genetic variation preserved in collections of Aegilops tauschii can be readily exploited to improve common wheat using synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. However,hybrid necrosis, which is characterized by progressive death of leaves or plants, has been observed in certain interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and Ae. tauschii. The aim of this study was to construct a fine geneti…
Understanding functional relations among plant traits and their modulation by growing conditions is imperative in designing selection strategies for breeding programs. This study assessed trait relationships among 196 common bean genotypes exposed to stresses for drought and field infestation of bean fly or bean stem maggot (BSM). The study was carried out at two locations and data was analyzed…
Plants may respond to drought by altering biomass allocation to shoots and roots or by changing the metabolic activities in these organs. To determine how drought changes the partitioning of carbon allocated to growth and secondary metabolism in maize roots and how it affects photosynthesis (A) and productivity in maize, we evaluated leaf gas exchange, yield componentes, root morphology, and pr…
Soil phosphorus (P) fractionation, adsorption, and desorption isotherm, and rice yield and P uptakewere investigated in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) following 42-year fertilizer and manure application. The treatments included low-input [unfertilized control without N, P, or K (C0N0)], farmyard manure (FYM) (C1N0), NP (C0NP), NPK (C0NPK), FYM + NP (C1NP), and high-input treatment, FYM…
Differences in soil physical, chemical and biological properties between paddy–upland and continuous upland rotations will influence nutrient relations and crop growth. With the aim of estimating rapeseed yield performance in response to fertilization in rice–rapeseed (RR) and cotton–rapeseed (CR) rotations, on-farm experiments were conducted at 70 sites across Hubei province, central Chi…
Aegilops tauschii Ais a wild relative of commonwheat (Triticum aestivum) and acts as an important resource of elite genes including genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To improve the cadmium(Cd) tolerance ofwheat varieties using A. tauschii resources, we investigated the genetic variation of biomass-based Cd tolerance in 235 A. tauschii accessions treated with 0 (control) and 1…
Biotic and abiotic stresses are major limiting factors for high crop productivity worldwide. A landrace collection consisting of 380 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) entries originating in several countries alongwith four check varieties were evaluated for biotic stresses:yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis Westendorf f. sp. tritici) andwheat stemsawfly (WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton (H…
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheat variety, food processing, and milling method on antioxidant properties. Black wheat variety Heibaoshi 1 had the highest total phenolic content (659.8 μg gallic acid equivalents g−1), total flavonoid content (319.3 μg rutin equivalents g−1), and antioxidant activity, whereas light purple wheat variety Shandongzimai 1 had the …
Plant water use efficiency (WUE) is becoming a key issue in semiarid areas, where crop production relies on the use of large volumes of water. Improving WUE is necessary for securing environmental sustainability of food production in these areas. Given that climate change predictions include increases in temperature and drought in semiarid regions, improving crop WUE is mandatory for global foo…
Intensification in rice crop production is generally understood as requiring increased use of material inputs: water, inorganic fertilizers, and agrochemicals. However, this is not the only kind of intensification available. More productive crop phenotypes, with traits such as more resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and shorter crop cycles, are possible through modifications in the manag…
While the yield potential of rice has increased but little is known about the impact of breeding on grain quality, especially under different levels of N availability. In order to investigate the integrated effects of breeding andNlevels on rice quality 12 japonica rice cultivars bred in the past 60 years in the Yangtze River Basinwere usedwith three levels of N: 0 kg N ha−1, 240 kg N ha−1,…
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops in China. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and associated climate change may greatly affect rice production. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on cold rice production in the Heilongjiang province, one of China's most important rice production regions. Data for a baseline period (1961–1990) a…
Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein-rich pulse crop produced globally. Increasing the lipid content of Pisum seeds through conventional and contemporary molecular breeding tools may bring added value to the crop. However, knowledge about genetic diversity and lipid content in field pea is limited. An understanding of genetic diversity and population structure in diverse germpla…
Allene oxide cyclase (AOC, E 5.3.99.6) is an essential enzyme in the jasmonic acid (JA)biosynthetic pathway and mediates a wide range of adaptive responses. In this report, five AOC genes (GhAOC1–GhAOC5) were cloned from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.),sequenced, and characterized. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcripts of GhAOCs were abundantly expressed in roots and le…
The colonization of maize (Zea mays L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be r…
The biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the causal agent of the yellow rust in wheat. Between the years 2010–2013 a new strain of this pathogen (Warrior/Ambition),against which the present cultivated wheat varieties have no resistance, appeared and spread rapidly. It threatens cereal production in most of Europe. The search for sources of resistance to this strain is prop…
Plant phenomics has the potential to accelerate progress in understanding gene functions and environmental responses. Progress has been made in automating high-throughput plant phenotyping. However, few studies have investigated automated rice panicle counting. This paper describes a novel method for automatically and nonintrusively determining rice panicle numbers during the full heading stage…
EST sequences of Mentha piperita available in the public domain (NCBI) were exploited to develop SSR markers. A total of 1316 ESTs were assembled into 155 contigs and 653 singletons and of these, 110 sequences were found to contain 130 SSRs, with a frequency of 1 SSR/3.4 kb. Dinucleotide repeat SSRs were most frequent (72.3%) with the AG/CT (43.8%) repeat motif followed by AT/AT (16.2%). Primer…
Conventional flat planting is commonly used for growing wheat in Pakistan and the crop is irrigated by flood irrigation, but it leads to ineffective use of applied nitrogen owing to poor aeration and leaching and volatilization losses. The practice also results in greater crop lodging, lower water use efficiency, and crusting of the soil surface. In contrast, bed planting of wheat not only save…
QTL IciMapping is freely available public software capable of building high-density linkage maps and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in biparental populations. Eight functionalities are integrated in this software package: (1) BIN: binning of redundant markers;(2) MAP: construction of linkage maps in biparental populations; (3) CMP: consensus map construction from multiple linkage maps sh…
This research aims to determine the range of parameter value, baseflow index and the appropriate method for base flow separation. Seven (7) recursive-digital-filters (RDF) and two (2) graphical methods are used for this study. Discharge data from 8 watersheds in the administrative area of UPT PSDA Bondowoso in East Java were used to test the methods. Firstly, each method was calibrated using…
Sustainable agriculture production is a key on achieving food consumption adequacy in developing country but many farmers should struggle more in fulfilling production sustainability whilst keeping on with the economical target. The research was endeavored to seek a viable application on achieving agricultural sustainability and recognizing farmers and community biggest obstacles such as energy…
The aimed to improve the activity of SOD and reduce the levels of MDA, CRP, and IL-6 of atherosclerotic-rats using cardamomrhizome ethanolic-extract (CREE). A total of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, 180-250 g were injected with adrenaline, and given the egg-yolks for 3 weeks. The rats were divided into 4 groups, 7 rats each, I, were given CREE; II, statin;III, CREE+statin; and IV, fee…
Color considered as a main character to determine quality of agricultural products, especially fruit ripeness. Human eyes are excellent in differentiating color, however, human perception to color are often inconsistent, influence by their physical and psychological state. In this study, the ripeness of oil palm fresh fruits bunch (FFB) assessed using a portable and low-cost device,comprised of…
Water minimization in wet process of robusta coffee can improve coffee bean quality while reduce the volume of coffee wastewater. However, this process increases the concentration of organic material in wastewater up to 100% that requires specific handling. High organic matter content in wastewater has potential to be utilized as a source of renewable energy through anaerobic process. The obje…
This study was aimed to investigate water usage behavior on different group who residing in vicinity Harapan Rainforest. The qualitative and quantitative information was collected from 101 respondents by using semi-structure questionnaires. Respondent consist of three groups of people who residing in vicinity rainforest; indigenous people (Suku Anak Dalam), local people (Malay) and migrant (Jav…
Currently Indonesia has targeted to satisfy the national demand of maize by fulfilling its own production. The policy will benefit the social economy of the local farmers and communities and create a variety of jobs. Attempts in fulfilling demand should uphold production sustainability, even then many indication show declining capability of soil to have increased. Reducing the capability of soi…
Potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSM) isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere and their capability on solubilization from some insoluble potassium were examined. Isolation of potassium solubilizer was carried out from three sugarcane plantations area, on Alexandrov’s agar medium. From the 41 isolated microorganisms were selected 15 isolates potassium solubilizing microorganisms which exhibi…
As in the previous editions, a significant amount of specific information is provided in tables and schemes. These data and examples serve to illustrate the issues that have been addressed in the text. Instructors who want to achieve a broad coverage, but without the level of detail found in the tables and schemes, may choose to advise students to focus on the main text. In most cases, the …
The twenty first century is a period of human history where natural resources are stretched to the limit, unprecedented levels of carbon emissions and a rapidly rising population, predicted to reach nine billion by 2050. It is indeed the opinion of some that we have excavated a hole so deep that there is now no turning back from catastrophe, however I believe that it is in human nature to …
Sustainable food systems for food security and nutrition becomes international issue and also at Indonesia. There are many efforts to reach sustainable food but all activities just focus on cultivation aspect. Conversely, strategy approach that involving farmer Internal potential, called entrepreneurship has not been used as a supporting policy. The objective of this study is to disseminate a n…
Although there has been a high relationship between global climate and rainfall in Indonesia, but little evidence is available for relationship among global climate indices, rainfall and crop yield to determine cropping pattern. This study evaluates the relationships between global climate indices, which are representative by Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Ni…
Maximum information from the Multi-environment trials (MET) can be reached by seeking the best estimator of each genotype’s mean yield in a given environment. AMMI (additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction) is popular for analyzing MET data with fixed effect. When the environment included in MET is the sample of large environment, then environment effects regarded as random may be…
Generalized AMMI (GAMMI) model has been widely used to model the Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI) with categorical (or in general, non-normal) response variables. It was developed by introduce the concept of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) into Additive Main Effect & Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. GAMMI model will provide two major results (i) the stability analysis of some g…
We investigated the potential performance of air pollution removal by the green infrastructures and urban forests in the city of Florence, central Italy, with a focus on the two most detrimental pollutants for human health: particulate (PM10) and ozone (O3). The spatial distribution of green infrastructures was mapped using remote sensing data. A spatial modeling approach using vegetation indic…
The following paper highlights the enhancement and promotion of Campania region’s rural tourism plus the Green Building’s importance for a kind of sustainable and competitive one, providing ideas and valuable suggestions on how natural, environmental and cultural assets of the landscape should be properly exploited. Rural tourism is about values and traditions’ reaffirmation, but is mo…
TESLA (Transfering Energy Save Laid on Agroindustry) is a EU project pointing to the reduction of energy consumption and the improvement of energy efficiency in key agro-food sectors’ cooperatives, as those processing fruit and vegetables. After a general analysis of energy consumptions during the first phase of the project, the processes responsible for the higher energy consumptions in thes…
The paper analyses the evolution of the research debate related to sustainability and to the relation between food and sustainability. A number of text analysis techniques were combined for the investigation of scientific papers. The results stress how discourse analysis of sustainability in the pre-Rio period is mostly associated with agriculture and with a vision where the ecological and env…
In this time of great transformations (increasing urbanization, climate change, biodiversity loss, growing disparities etc) we are searching a new development model, able to better satisfy the needs of all people. The "revised" traditional city model, (that is linked to a specific territory, to localism, to recognize the local identities that make the differences with their specific Heritage,ba…
Over the last few years, the Mediterranean diet has received growing attention as it represents a sustainable diet in which nutrition, local food production, biodiversity, culture and sustainability are strongly interconnected, with a low impact on the environment. By using repeated cross-sections of the ISTAT “Aspects of daily-life” survey over the period 1997-2012, we assess prevailing f…
The province of Rieti has provided for the drafting of "master plan" able to harmonize local development goals with the financial opportunities of the programming period 2014-2020. Lazio Region through resolution number 1 of 2006 are driving the process of reorganization of industrial Agribusiness theorizing the start up of a single HUB between Lazio (Guidonia-CAR) and Abruzzo (Pescara -Agribus…