Since the first edition of this book, pharmaceutical medicine has only become more diverse and has also become widely accepted as a recognized medical specialty, for example, with its first graduates of specialist training in the United Kingdom, to add to those of Switzerland, and Mexico. This has been accompanied by pharmaceutical medicine’s rapid progress toward specialty recognition wit…
The book opens with an outline of how to prepare to work in the pharmacology laboratory, and progresses to briefly describe some of the basic principles of pharmacology, which I believe are most clearly understood from a historical perspective. The central core includes experiments using in vitro tissues, isolated cells and cell-free biochemical systems, focusing on those that are unique to pha…
Pharmacists and healthcare practitioners are required to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the application of therapeutics in clinical practice. Pharmacists must ensure patient safety and achieve desired health outcomes through effective decision-making. The idea of designing these case studies was to meet the needs and challenges of a modern pharmacy undergraduate curriculum whic…
When students are asked which subject in their nursing program is the most challenging, pharmacology always appears near the top of the list. The study of pharmacology demands that students apply knowledge from a wide variety of the natural and applied sciences. To successfully predict drug action requires a thorough knowledge of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and pathology as well as the so…
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process provides the most current and clinically relevant nursing pharmacology content in a visually appealing, understandable, and practical format. The accessible size, clear writing style, and full-color design of Pharmacology and the Nursing Process are ideal for today’s busy nursing student. The book not only presents drug information that the nursing student…
This book is designed to help students review pharmacology and to prepare for both regular course examinations and board examinations. The tenth edition has been extensively reviewed to make such preparation as active and efficient as possible. As with earlier editions, rigorous standards of accuracy and currency have been maintained in keeping with the book’s status as the companion to the B…
Medicinal chemistry is a discipline at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents (drugs). Compounds used in medical applications are most often organic compounds, which are often divided into the b…
To accomplish this goal, we expanded the content from 69 chapters (5 volumes) by approximately 50% (to over 100 chapters in 6 volumes). We are greatly in debt to the authors and editorial board members participating in this revision of the major reference work in our field. Several new subject areas have emerged since the fifth edition appeared. Proteomics, genomics, bioinformatics, combinatori…
This book is a survey of, and evaluates, analytical tools used to determine equilibrium effects of the interactions between ligands and receptive units as obtained from dose-response experimentation and from combinatorial drug therapy.
The science and the art of pharmaceutical formulation keeps evolving as new materials, methods, and machines become readily available to produce more reliable, stable, and releasecontrolled formulations. At the same time, globalization of sourcing of raw and finished pharmaceuticals brings challenges to regulatory authorities and results in more frequent revisions to the current good manufactur…
Fundamentals of Pharmacology is primarily a text for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the health science disciplines, particularly those in nursing. Students of other health disciplines whose roles involve pharmacological therapy (such as pharmacy, podiatry, optometry, paramedic and physiotherapy), as well as those studying basic science, should nd much of the material relevant t…
The unprecedented pace of developments over the recent years in the field of drugs (medicines) has further emphasized the relevance of Pharmacology to health professionals. Molecular targets of drug action are being defined at greater resolution, refining new drugs design. Practice of medicine is transforming from ‘experience (impression) based’ to ‘evidence based’, since more and mo…
This textbook to demonstrate the interrelationships between pharmaceu biopharmaceutical principles, product design, formulation, manufacture, compounding, and clinical application of the various dosage forms in patient care. Regulations and standards gover manufacturing and compounding of pharmaceuticals are also presented. As has been the hallmark of this textbook since its first edition m…
The subject matter covered in introductory chemistry classes at the middle and high school levels tends to be fairly traditional and relatively consistent from school to school. Topics that are typically covered in such classes include atomic theory, chemical periodicity, ionic and covalent compounds, equation writing, stoichiometry, and solutions. While these topics are essential for students …
The ‘art and skill’ for the preparation of ‘newer drug molecules’ is a pivotal creative and an exceptionally great intellectual exercise that essentially serves as a fulcrum to plethora of specific areas of scientific research, ranging from the most applied to the most academic. Accordingly, the medicinal chemist, organic chemist, biologist, pharmacologist, biochemist, biotechnologi…
The implications of offering unblinding to trial participants to treatment arm after trial completion have been little explored. Purpose We sought to explore trial participants’ perspectives on whether they would like to be unblinded as to the treatment arm to which they were allocated following involvement in a large randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods We conducted semi-structure…
Prompt, accurate diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is essential. A single, whole-leg ultrasound (whole-leg US) has been used to exclude DVT, but limited data exist for patients with high pretest probability (PTP) for DVT. This diagnostic management study tested the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a PTP of ‘‘DVT likely’’ per the simplified Wells score when ant…
We aimed to verify safety and effectiveness of certoparin real-world use and to identify predictors of thromboembolic events or bleeding. Methods: This was a non-interventional study documenting patients at hospital- or office-based physicians. Results: Patients’ (n ¼ 1407) mean age was 53.7+16.1 years. Reason for certoparin use was prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in 1331 (94.6%) patie…
No-reflow phenomenon due to cardiac microvascular dysfunction or disturbance aggravates clinic outcomes of a portion of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolytic therapy. Our working hypothesis was that cardiac microthrombosis would play an important role in the pathogenesis. We investigated that cardiac microthrombi were observed by…
Effects of unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) on human microvascular endothelial cell sprouting (tube formation assay) in vitro were determined. Antiangiogenesis efficacy of commercially available LMWHs tinzaparin and enoxaparin in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model of growth factor-induced angiogenesis was compared. The LMWH tinzaparin was fractionate…
Information on thrombophilia risk factors for patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is limited. The genetic, acquired, and coagulation risk factors of an acute episode of lower EDVT (LEDVT) or UEDVT, either isolated or associated with pulmonary embolism (PE), were studied. Materials and Methods: A total of 4503 patients participated in a thrombophilia study. Odds ratio (OR…
A retrospective study was performed to elucidate the characteristics of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in newly treated hemodialysis (HD) patients who essentially required anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Seventy-eight patients suspected of having HIT within 3 months of starting HD with UFH were selected for this study. Their platelet counts were routinely followed, a…
In this study, we aimed to investigate the value of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet count in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) patients and in control subjects. Fifty-three patients with evidence of CVST and thirty-five controls with similar baseline characteristics were included in the study. CVST patients were further divided into two subgroups…
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have coagulation disturbances and inflammation, which increases the risk of atherothrombosis. We evaluated the status of circulating tissue factor (TF), the receptor for coagulation factor VII involved in atherothrombosis, in women with PCOS and weight-matched controls. Two-way analysis of variance models were fit to evaluate the effect of PCOS statu…
Fourteen patients with congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency were reported to have had pulmonary embolism. All patients were type 2 defects with variably low activity but normal or near-normal antigen. Concomitant deep vein thrombosis was present in 7 instances. The majority of patients had no or only a mild bleeding tendency. Associated prothrombotic risk factors were present in 11 patients …
Information on thrombophilia risk factors for patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is limited. The genetic, acquired, and coagulation risk factors of an acute episode of lower EDVT (LEDVT) or UEDVT, either isolated or associated with pulmonary embolism (PE), were studied. Materials and Methods: A total of 4503 patients participated in a thrombophilia study. Odds ratio (OR…
CYP4A11 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 11) converts arachidonic acid to 20- ydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the human CYP4A11 gene and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 361 patients with CAD and 315 controls …
Platelets play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke. Aspirin used alone or in combination with other antiplatelet drugs has been shown to offer significant benefit to patients at high risk of vascular events. Resistance to the action of aspirin may decrease this benefit. Aspirin resistance has been defined by clinical and/or laboratory criteria; however,…
This study evaluated the early hemostatic effects of a novel hemostatic agent (Ankaferd blood stopper [ABS]) during dental extractions in patients on antithrombotic therapy, without interruption or diminution of the medication. In total, 25 patients, who are on antithrombotic therapy and in need of simple dental extractions, were randomized into 2 groups. In group I (control group), which consi…
Endothelial dysfunction is the key process in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate endothelial dysfunction measured by the noninvasive technique of Celermajer that plays a role in the pathogenesis of thrombangitis obliterans. Methods: A total of 36 patients with thrombangitiis obliterans ([TAO]; mean age 44.9+1.3 years) were compared with 30 healthy individu…
The aim of this study was to evaluate mean platelet volume (MPV), thrombopoietin (TPO), and platelet levels in patients with ischemic stroke and compare this with healthy controls. Methods: We prospectively studied 50 patients with ischemic stroke and compared them with 37 control participants who have evaluated in internal medicine polyclinic and had no history of cerebrovascular events. All …
Quality control of the platelet activation assays to diagnose heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA) and platelet aggregation test (PAT) has yet to be established due to lack of reference standards and the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of HIT antibodies from patients with HIT. We prepared a murine monoclonal antibody to human platelet factor 4 (h…
Change in headache diagnoses over time within the same individual is not well studied in the adult population. In this study, we prospectively examined the individual variation of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) diagnoses over time. Methods: As part of the epidemiological Deutsche Migra¨ne und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (DMKG) headache study, 1312 participants were personally interviewed…
Introduction: Geographic proximity is an important component of access to primary care and the pharmaceutical services of community pharmacies. Variations in access to primary care have been found between rural and urban areas in Canadian and international jurisdictions. We studied access to community pharmacies in the province of Nova Scotia. Methods: We used information on the locations of 29…
Nadia is a 38-year-old Somali-speaking woman who presents to the pharmacy with her teenage son. He explains to you that Nadia has lately been feeling very thirsty and has had to go to the bathroom a lot. She has also gained some weight and would like advice on how to manage this.
Objective: To share the experiences of graduating students as they learn to deliver a new medication review service in community pharmacies in Ontario, Canada. Practice description: Four graduating pharmacy students volunteered in different community pharmacies to learn how to navigate a new provincial program called MedsCheck, which pays pharmacists to do medication reviews. Each student selec…
Aim: Multiple diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived indices may help to deduce the pathophysiological type of white matter (WM) changes and provide more specific biomarkers of WM neuropathology in the whole brain of migraine patients without aura (MWoA). Methods: Twenty MWoA and 20 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy volunteers participated in this study. Tractbased spatial statistic…
We investigated attentional biases with a flicker paradigm, examining the proportion of alcohol relative to neutral changes detected. Furthermore, we examined how measures of the participants initial orienting of attention and of their maintained attention relate to levels of alcohol consumption and subjective craving in social drinkers. The eye movements of 58 participants (24 male) were monit…
Obtaining surrogate consent for clinical research studies conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting is logistically challenging. Purpose To determine whether differences in proportions consenting to trial enrollment existed among patients eligible to consent directly versus those requiring surrogate decision makers in a minimal-risk study to evaluate the accuracy of continuous glucose…
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin E and/or curcumin against diazinon (DZN) (an organophosphorus insecticide)-induced toxicity of blood, liver and erythrocyte markers of male Wistar rats. The exposure of rats to DZN for 21 days provoked significant changes in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin. Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased significan…
In many fields of science, event status is often recorded in intervals or at discrete points in time and can be investigated in experimental settings. Conducting such trials requires thorough planning before they are actually performed. Purpose To investigate accrual by groups in a trial with discrete-time survival endpoints and to describe how to choose the number of accrual groups, the si…
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) is defined as nonlipogenic sarcoma, with an abrupt transition from coexisting well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL). However, intermingled transition in a mosaic pattern between WDL and DDL is not infrequently encountered. Here, the authors review clinicopathological features of 30 cases of DDL associated with lipoma-like WDL. Histological examination revea…
In 2007 I wrote in the Preface to the third edition that the science and practice of pharmacy were undergoing a period of change. Now, as I write the Preface to the fourth edition of Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, it seems that the profession is still changing. The General Pharmaceutical Council has replaced the Royal Pharmaceutical Society as the regulator for pharmacy, the numbe…
This textbook is designed to provide the fundamentals of human physiology to students of pharmacy and other health sciences. An important goal of this book is to enhance students’ perceptions of the relevance of physiology to pharmacy practice. The book includes important concepts in physiology described in sufficient detail so that the student may integrate and understand these principl…
This textbook is designed to provide the fundamentals of human physiology to students of pharmacy and other health sciences. An important goal of this book is to enhance students’ perceptions of the relevance of physiology to pharmacy practice. The book includes important concepts in physiology described in sufficient detail so that the student may integrate and understand these principl…