As one of the Programming Textbooks for New-century Higher Vocational and Professional Civil Engineering, this book is published by Science Press in August, 2001. This book has won the special prize of 2001-2003 Programming Textbooks for National IIigher Vocational and Professional Civil Engineering proposed by Textbook Construction Expert Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has gained…
Marine biogeochemistry is a broad, interdisciplinary subject overlapping a range of other disciplines such as marine chemistry, geochemistry, ecology, physiology and oceanography, but in its own right it has become pivotal to progress in marine research in recent years. As a key component of the ‘earth system’, marine biogeochemistry interfaces directly with terrestrial, atmospheric and…
Physics and engineering governing the applications of synchrotron radiation is based on enormous achievements during more than one hundred years in the filed of X-ray physics and technology. The contents of this book, starting with the very general aspects of synchrotron radiation investigated, have been developed by numerous scientist and experimentalist in this field during the past 20 years.…
Objective: The effect of casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) on the expression of NF-B subunit p65 in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cellsinduced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated to explore the therapeutic efficacy of CGMP for human colorectal cancer.Methods: HT-29 cells cultured in 96-well plates were stimulated with LPS for 30 min at the concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10…
Momordica species are vegetable crops widely distributed in warmer regions of the world. In this work, we describe the antioxidant, enzymeinhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaves from three different species of Momordica. The present investigation was initially carried out toexplore the possible link between antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory property of Momordica leaf extract and the…
In view of the potential of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and hydroxylated PMFs (OH-PMFs) as bioactives against inflammation, we preparedsix different orange peel extracts (OPEs). The major compounds of these extracts were characterized and quantified by high performance liquidchromatography (HPLC). Effects on inflammation were analyzed by nutrigenomics using a human cell-based TPA-induced monocyt…
In the present study, antioxidant potential, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of fresh juice fromindigenous fruits of Citrus hystrix and C. maxima (Red & White var.) were investigated using an in vitro model. The contents of total phenolics,tannins, and total flavonoids ranged between 836.90 and 909.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, 333.33 and 52…
The effectiveness of Co-60 gamma irradiation in controlling citrus red mite (Panonychus citri McGregor) had been proved in our earlier work.However, whether it could be used as an alternative method to replace the current way of quarantine treatment against citrus red mites depends onthe performances of effective doses on citrus fruits. This study was conducted to explore the effects of Co-60 g…
The underground tuber of Dioscorea alata is a palatable food and is also claimed to have therapeutic effects. Various groups of researchersdemonstrated different activities of this tuber such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer and anti-diabetic activities. Therefore, the aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potentialities of 70% hydro-methanolic extract of D. a…
Dysphagia is a symptom, commonly found in healthcare residents and the elderly, may lead to undernutrition and negative effects on quality of life. Providing special food products that cannot only be swallowed by patients but also meet nutritional requirements is a challenge for food rheologists and healthcare staff. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on rheological aspects …
The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on color stability of fresh pork. Of the seven LAB strains isolated from the Chinese dry-cured hams, H strain was identified as Lactobacillus salivarius (CCTCC M2010374) by serial biochemical tests and 16S rRNA analysis. The fresh pork samples were immersed in the H strain and Lactobacillus fermentum extracts fo…
The in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Allium cepa (A. cepa) bulb were evaluated in male rats against ethanol induced liver damage in preventive and curative models. The antioxidant activity of A. cepa was assayed and activities were compared to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The results revealed that the IC50 values of A. cepa bulb extract for…
Recently, it has been established that the human resident microbiota plays key roles in health maintenance. Therefore, it has become an emerging prevention and treatment target for metabolic syndrome. The resident microbiota associated with chronic inflammation has been shown to contribute to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, the microbiota is altered in the development of…
Breast cancer is one of the most lethal diseases world-wide. However, there is a large difference in breast cancer incidence among Caucasian,Hispanic, African and Asian (e.g. Chinese) women with Caucasian women being the highest and Asian women being the lowest. It has been suggested that the dietary factors may account for approximately 50% of the breast cancer. One of such dietary components …
Dietary fiber and high-fiber food products have attracted great attention because of their significant health benefits to consumers. Mushrooms are valuable resources for food, medicine and nutraceuticals. Edible mushroom is considered as a novel source of dietary fiber. The dietary fiber content and composition in edible mushroom vary greatly with its morphological stages including fruit body, …
Garlic is traditionally believed to have many health benefits including prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. One of the major components,garlic fructan (GF), was evaluated for its prebiotic effectiveness on human intestinal microflora. Garlic fructans A (DP 16) and B (DP 21) were prepared by ethanol fractionation precipitation. Then, they were added to an in vitro fermentation system as the…
κ-Carrageenan was explored to improve genistein solubility by matrix retention. The corresponding maximum value in the efficiency of retention (Re) (50.48 mg/100 mg) was achieved when variables were set as: pH 4.76, temperature 52.12 ◦C and genistein concentration 0.27 mg/mL. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the response surface regression model presented in this study was 0.9848. Th…
Onions, consumed worldwide, are a good source of dietary phytochemicals with proven antioxidant properties. Catechin and quercetin are the most common and widely consumed flavonoids. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of onion extract as well as flavonoids (catechin and quercetin) on rats subjected to oxidative stress by mercuric chloride (HgCl2) treatment. Ex…
Albumin derived from rapeseed was hydrolyzed sequentially using alcalase and flavorzyme to produce antioxidant peptides. To identify antioxidant peptides, rapeseed albumin hydrolysate (RAH) was fractionated using size exclusion chromatography (G-25). The antioxidant activity and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity of rapeseed peptides (RSP) purified from RAH were evaluated…
Furan (C4H4O) has been classified as a possible animal and human carcinogen by many international agencies. The formation of furan in three sugar–glycine models using glucose, fructose, and sucrose was investigated using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (HSGC–MS) with various dual combinations of three important heat processing conditions, i.e. pH, temperature, and heat…
Edible roses (An ning) are a good source of anthocyanins and grown widely in Yunnan Province of China. In this study, the contents of anthocyanins and total phenol as well as the antioxidant activity of methanol extract from specific variety of rose were systematically investigated. The results showed that anthocyanins and total phenolic content of the petals were (353.56 ± 2.50) mg cyanidin 3…
Prevalence of fluorosis is a public health problem in many states of India. It is necessary to find out the different sources through which fluoride enters human metabolism. Only when the sources are identified, suitable remedial measures can be initiated. This study was attempted to find out the contribution of fluoride from various sources such as drinking water, staple food grains, cooked ri…
Tea is the most popular functional beverage in the world and has been gaining more and more attention for its health beneficial properties. Among common teas, black tea is consumed more than green tea and oolong tea worldwide. Numerous studies have shown the biological activities of black tea and its polyphenols that include anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and metabolic regulation. …
Type-A procyanidine polyphenols (TAPP) are reported to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. The objective of present work is to evaluate potential of TAPP extracted from Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark in animal models of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (CPE) and adjuvant induced established arthritis (AIA), in ra…
In the current study, we examined the effects of beef processing to produce pastirma on the physicochemical properties of proteins in M.semimembranosus (SEM) muscle. Protein concentrations significantly increased in pastirma muscles (P < 0.01), as a result of the salting and curing process. The surface hydrophobicity values of processed samples were higher than those without processing at all g…
Reactive oxygen species detoxification potentials of Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract was investigated in the liver of N-nitrosodiethylaminetreated rats. Male rats, weighing (135 ± 5.5) g were completely randomized into 7 groups (A–G) of five rats each. Rats in C, D, E and F were administered orally once daily at 24-h interval for 7 d with 500, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of polyp…
Reactive oxygen species detoxification potentials of Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract was investigated in the liver of N-nitrosodiethylaminetreated rats. Male rats, weighing (135 ± 5.5) g were completely randomized into 7 groups (A–G) of five rats each. Rats in C, D, E and F were administered orally once daily at 24-h interval for 7 d with 500, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of polyp…
The severe cardiotoxicity incurred due to doxorubicin limits the use of their therapeutic potential. The current study aims to investigate the cardioprotective effect of concomitant administration of flax lignan concentrate (FLC) and omega-3-fatty acid (ω-3-FA) on myocardial damage in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Cardiotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of …
This volume addresses the issue of uncertainty in civil engineering from design to construction. Failures do occur in practice. Attributing them to a residual risk or a faulty execution of the project does not properly cover the range of causes. A closer scrutiny of the design, the engineering model, the data, the soil-structure-interaction and the model assumptions is required. Usually, th…
Cancer chemoprevention involves the application of natural or synthetic compounds to reduce the risk of cancer development. One of the most effective strategies for preventing human cancers might involve inducing phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes via natural dietary compounds. The regulatory regions of these inducible genes encode the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nucle…
We have great pleasure in writing the preface for this book on Analysis and Design of Plated Structures: Stability, the first of the planned set of two volumes on plated structures. The inspiration for these books comes from the recognition of the significant advances that have taken place during the last few decades. As a result of the research findings, our understanding of the behaviour…
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women in the United States. A growing emphasis is being placed on alternative medicine and dietary approaches toward prevention of potential diseases. Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds that are naturally present in foods that, when acting in synergy, bestow potential anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, and ur…
Besides digestion and assimilation, there are other modes of direct interaction between food and human body. As it is known, the mucosal layer of the digestive tract interfaces with food after the digestion process. It has been demonstrated to uptake the micro- and nanoparticles via mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT). On the other hand, food is a typical polydisperse system and contains…
How do functional foods affect human health? To answer this question it is important to understand what happens when food is digested and taken up by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The gut is a selective nutrient absorption system and the most important signal transduction and information exchange system within the body. It acts as a signal transducer, a neuroendocrine sensor, and an immunolo…
The idea of this special contribution reviewing the latest advances in sponge science was conceived during the World Sponge Conference held in Girona (Spain) in September 2010. Dr. Michael Lesser, editor of the Advances in Marine Biology book series, first suggested the production of a sponge-dedicated monograph. As organizers of the conference, we realized that the amount of information a…
It is my pleasure to introduce this special volume of Advances in Marine Biology devoted to current topics in cephalopod research to a wider readership. Cephalopods—squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, and nautiluses—are highly evolved marine mollusks with diverse life histories and a wide range of habitat preferences. These rapidly growing animals have relatively short life cycles and die after a…
The idea of this special contribution reviewing the latest advances in sponge science was conceived during the World Sponge Conference held in Girona (Spain) in September 2010. Dr. Michael Lesser, editor of the Advances in Marine Biology book series, first suggested the production of a sponge-dedicated monograph. As organizers of the conference, we realized that the amount of information availa…
Following the great progress made in civil engineering and building materials, the 2014 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Building Materials (CEBM 2014) aimed at providing a forum for presentation and discussion of state-of-the-art development in Structural Engineering, Road & Bridge Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Architecture & Urban Planning, Transportation Enginee…
Advanced composites such as fi ber-reinforced polymer (FRP) are promising materials for civil infrastructure application. Despite their relatively short history in research and implementation, signifi cant advances have been made over the last two decades. Federal and municipal agencies now accept these non-conventional construction materials. Practitioners are eager to use them for their proje…
The inhibitory effects of a formulated product from citrus peel extract, Gold Lotion (GL), on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mouse skin was reported in this study. It is found that in the TPA-induced skin inflammation model, the topical application of GL effectively inhibited the transcripti…
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health burden for both governments and healthcare providers. Myricetin, a natural flavonol with hydroxyl groups at 3, 5, 7, 3, 4 and 5 positions, is commonly ingested through human diets such as fruits,vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. Although few epidemiological and clinical studies have reported the h…
Recent changes in taxonomy of Rhizopus, which are now heavily relying on molecular approach, create significant problem in assigning species name to particular Rhizopus strains isolated from various sources, including tempeh. The present study aims to determine 36 strains of Rhizopus from tempeh originated from 26 locations in Indonesia, using combination of molecular phylogenetic analysis base…
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria have been well known for their important economic value in food, pharmaceutical and health industries. Large extracellular enzyme sucrases are used by lactic acid bacteria to polymerize EPS, i.e. fructansucrase and glucansucrase. This study aimed to characterize sucrase activity of three Weissella confusa strains MBF8-1, MBF8-2 and MBFC…
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of male and female host oysters on the pearl sac formation in Pinctada maxima oyster. One hundred sixty oysters were used in a completely randomized design with 2 4 factorial arrangement and 20 replications. The 1st factor was that sex of host oyster consisted of two levels that is males and females. The 2nd factor was week after nucleus implant…
The research was conducted to study the metagenomic of actinomycetes based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and bacterial nifH genes in soil and roots of four rice cultivars. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile based on 16S rRNA gene showed that the diversity of actinomycetes in roots was higher than soil samples. The profile also showed that the diversity of actinomycetes was simila…
Coral diseases that have emerged since the early 1970s have caused significant regional ecological impacts. However, there has been a paucity of research into coral disease in South-East Asia, including Indonesia. This study provides baseline coral disease data in the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park. In this study we show a positive correlation between overall coral cover and the dominan…
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and its mortality is continuously increasingworldwide. Previous studies indicate that reactive oxygen species play an important role in high glucose-induced renal injury. Myrciaria cauliflora has been reported as a functional food rich in anthocyanins possessing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study exam…
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophor of amoxicillin was studied and found to generate ECL following the oxidation or reduction of amoxicillin. The amoxicillin oxidation state was also found to eliminate the reduction state, generating ECL. When solutions of amoxicillin were scanned between þ1.5 V and 1.0 V with a graphite electrode in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium brom…
Concrete and steel are by far the most widely used man-made construction materials in the world. Despite numerous successful constructions of worldwide infrastructures, many of these infrastructures are now rapidly deteriorating. It has been estimated that infrastructure rehabilitation costs, in the US alone, will reach into trillions of dollars over the next twenty years. One of the prima…
Oyster-derived polysaccharides (OPS) have been shown to modulate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 immunobalance toward the Th1-dominant direction in antigen-primed splenocytes. In the present study, we hypothesized that OPS might attenuate intestinal inflammation associated with food allergy, a Th2-dominant immune disorder. BALB/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) absorbed to alum and then…