The NIOSH Lifting Equation and Low-Back Pain, Part 2: Association With Seeki…

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE) and risk of seeking care for low-back pain (SC-LBP). Background: The RNLE is commonly used to quantify low-back physical stressors from lifting/lowering of loads in workplaces. There is no prospective study on relationship between RNLE and SC-LBP. Method: A cohort of 258 inci…

The State of Knowledge of Outdoor Orientation Programs: Current Practices, Re…

Outdoor orientation programs represent a prominent area of experiential education with over 25,000 participants annually. More than 191 outdoor orientation programs currently operate in the United States and Canada. The research examining outdoor orientation programs consists of 25 peer-reviewed published studies and 11 dissertations. A new theory explaining the success of these programs has em…

Comparing the surgical timelines of military and civilians traumatic lower li…

The care and challenges of injured service have been well documented in the literature from a variety of specialities. The aim of this study was to analyse the surgical timelines of military and civilian traumatic amputees and compare the surgical and resuscitative interventions. A retrospective review of patient notes was undertaken. Military patients were identified from the Joint Theatr…

The NIOSH Lifting Equation and Low-Back Pain, Part 1: Association With Low-Ba…

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between the revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE) and risk of low-back pain (LBP). Background: The RNLE is commonly used to quantify job physical stressors to the low back from lifting and/or lowering of loads. There is no prospective study on the relationship between RNLE and LBP that includes accounting for relevant covariates.…

Fast Scheduling of Semiconductor Manufacturing Facilities Using Case-Based Re…

Edisi

VOL. 29, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2016

ISBN/ISSN

0894-6507

Deskripsi Fisik

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING, VOL. 29, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2016

Judul Seri

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING, VOL. 29, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2016

No. Panggil

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Fabrication, Characterization, and Simulation of a Low-cost TSV Integration w…

Abstract In this study, a low-cost through-multilayer TSV integration process has been developed. The features are that a double-layer spin coating technique is applied to prevent residual photoresist left inside TSVs. Besides, redistribution layer is deposited before TSV filling in order to eliminate the front-side CMP process, which will lower the fabrication cost. Basic electrical tests of…

Autonomous Student Experiences in Outdoor and Adventure Education

This article explores the current state of knowledge regarding the use of autonomous student experiences (ASE) in outdoor and adventure education (OAE) programs. ASE are defined as components (e.g., solo, final expedition) in which participants have a greater measure of choice and control over the planning, execution, and outcomes of their learning. The article discusses the importance of ASE i…

Enhancement of the Virtual Metrology Performance for Plasma-Assisted Oxide Et…

Abstract Virtual metrology (VM) model based on plasma information (PI) parameter for C4F8 plasma-assisted oxide etching processes is developed to predict and monitor the process results such as an etching rate with improved performance. To apply fault detection and classification or advanced process control models on to the real-mass production lines efficiently, high-performance VM model is …

Effect of Plasma Process for SiO2 Film on Sidewall

Abstract We evaluated the physical and electrical characteristics of SiO2 treated by plasma oxidation on top and sidewall. The plasma process is less effective for SiO2 on sidewall than on top and further less for small pattern. Both the characteristics for SiO2 on sidewall are sensitive to plasma condition in deposition sequence, while not for SiO2 on top. When the plasma process is used as …

GB virus C infection in Indonesian HIV‐positive patients

GB virus C (GBV‐C), a human virus of the Flaviviridae family that is structurally and epidemiologically closest to hepatitis C virus (HCV), has been reported to confer beneficial outcomes in HIV‐positive patients.However, the prevalence of GBV‐C in HIV‐positive individuals in Indonesia is unknown. Since GBV‐C is more prevalent in anti‐HCV positive patients than in anti‐HCV negativ…

High-Volume Processed, ITO-Free Superstrates and Substrates for Roll-to-Roll …

The fabrication of substrates and superstrates prepared by scalable roll-toroll methods is reviewed. The substrates and superstrates that act as the fl exible carrier for the processing of functional organic electronic devices are an essential component, and proposals are made about how the general availability of various forms of these materials is needed to accelerate the development of the f…

Laboratory Safety for Oncogene-Containing Retroviral Vectors

The use of retroviral vectors in research laboratories has been steadily increasing, and with that, questions are arising more frequently regarding the biosafety of these reagents, particularly when the vector delivers a gene with oncogenic properties. Although modern retroviral vector systems produce particles that are replication-defective, there is still a possibility that upon accidental …

A Glyphosate-Resistant Biotype of Annual Bluegrass in Tennessee

Glyphosate is regularly used to control annual bluegrass populations in dormant bermudagrass turf. A population of annual bluegrass not controlled by glyphosate at 840 g ha-1 (glyphosate resistant, GR) was identified on a golf course in Humboldt, TN in 2010. Mature tillers of GR plants were established in a greenhouse and treated with glyphosate at 0, 210, 420, 840, 1,680, 3,360, and 6,720 g ha…

Design of a Decentralized Controller for a Glass RTP System

Abstract The design of a decentralized controller has been studied as an integral part of the development of a commercial rapid thermal processing (RTP) system for manufacturing display glass. The glass RTP system uses bulb-type tungsten-halogen lamps for heating. A highly uniform temperature distribution with a maximum temperature difference of less than 6 ◦C between any two points is requi…

Demand Modeling With Forecast Evolution: An Application to Production Planning

Abstract The value of demand forecast information has been the subject of numerous studies in the inventory literature, but has had limited application in production planning. This paper integrates ideas from forecast evolution and inventory theory to plan work releases into a production facility in the face of stochastic demand. The model, which is solved on a rolling horizon basis, manages …

Data Mining for Significance in Yield-Defect Correlation Analysis

Abstract A yield analysis method using basic yield and in-line defect information in a statistical model to determine root-causes of yield loss in semiconductor manufacturing is presented. The goal of this analysis method is to provide the fab process line management yield loss accounting for defects identified at inspected process layers. Quantifying these losses, in terms of yield loss perce…

Correlational Study Between SiN Etch Rate and Plasma Impedance in Electron Cy…

Abstract The correlation between the change in the etching rate of SiN and the change in the monitored plasma impedance was investigated to estimate the capability of critical dimension (CD) prediction with a plasma impedance monitor (PIM). The results obtained with the PIM were compared with those of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), which was performed using the emission intensity ratio …

Control of Epitaxial Growth of SiGe

Abstract Silicon-Germanium (SiGe), used to boost pFET performance and enhance the properties of high-k metal gate devices, is grown by selective epitaxy on silicon. Since device parameters depend critically on the deposited SiGe thickness, we apply several advanced techniques to control deposition. Feedback and feed-forward of growth rate data is used to control deposition tools. We also appl…

Contact Chains for FinFET Technology Characterization

Abstract Electrical characterization remains a key element in technology development and manufacturing of integrated circuits. Contact chain is a well known part of the diagnostic set of test structures used across many generations of silicon processes. Implementation of such test structures becomes challenging in new technologies with 3-D devices, like FinFET. Contacts to active regions of su…

Carrier Profiling Technology in Ten Nanometers Devices

Abstract The advanced carrier concentration evaluation scheme was proposed with combined higher precise scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) measurement and technology-CAD (TCAD) analysis in this paper. The cyclic contact (CC) method was applied to variation reduction of SSRM resistance to more accurately characterize for the device. The CC method suppresses dust generation. The va…

Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Stacked IC With On-Chip Sensing Devic…

Abstract Temperature distributions in 3-D integrated circuits (ICs) are analyzed with a test structure, which has a top-tier chip attached on a bottom dummy chip with adhesive layer. The devices with four kinds of top-tier chip thickness tSi of 50–410 μm were fabricated by a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The test structure consists of 24 sensor blocks, each of which has sensor p-n diodes…

Analysis and Characterization of Capacitance Variation Using Capacitance Meas…

Abstract To address the need for direct extraction of the capacitance of a chip, a capacitance measurement array (CMA) has been developed. The operation of the CMA is based on the charge-based capacitance measurement (CBCM) technique. The CMA chip consists of 144 CBCM array units (CAU) and each CAU is designed to measure eight individual capacitors. Element selection and precise measurement ar…

Advanced Dicing Technology for Semiconductor Wafer—Stealth Dicing

Abstract “Stealth dicing (SD)” was developed to solve inherent problems of a dicing process such as debris contaminants and unnecessary thermal damages on a work wafer. A completely dry process is another big advantage over other dicing methods. In SD, the laser beam power of transmissible wavelength is absorbed only around focal point in the wafer by utilizing the temperature dependence o…

A Regularized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Approach for Failure Pattern…

Abstract In semiconductor manufacturing processes, monitoring the quality of wafers is one of the most important steps to quickly detect process faults and significantly reduce yield loss. Fail bit maps (FBMs) represent the failed cell count during wafer functional tests and have been popularly used as one of the diagnosis tools in semiconductor manufacturing for process monitoring, root caus…

A Plasticity-Based Model of Material Removal in Chemical–Mechanical Polishi…

Abstract It is well known that the chemical reaction between an oxide layer and a water-based slurry produces a softer hydroxylated interface layer. During chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP), it is assumed that material removal occurs by the plastic deformation of this interface layer. In this paper, the behavior of the hydroxylated layer is modeled as a perfectly plastic material, and a me…

A New Etch Planarization Technology to Correct Non-Uniformity Post Chemical M…

Abstract The introduction of 3-D structures and new materials for advanced logic devices at extremely fine feature size presents challenges for within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer thickness uniformity control that is critical for yield and performance. For conventional chemical mechanical polishing technology, the typical thin film uniformity across the whole wafer may not meet the desired variat…

A New Accelerated Endurance Test for Terabit NAND Flash Memory Using Interfer…

Abstract Limited endurance of E/W cycles is a unique restriction of flash memories and the endurance characteristics usually take a longer time to test. In this paper, we proposed a novel endurance test scheme that takes advantage of the parasitic cell-to-cell interference as well as a shortened program time to accelerate the endurance test for terabit NAND flash memory. The novelty of the ne…

A Discharge-Based Pulse Technique for Probing the Energy Distribution of Posi…

Abstract Characterizing positive charges and its energy distribution in gate dielectric is useful for process qualification. A discharge-based technique is introduced to extract their energy distribution both within and beyond substrate band-gap. This paper investigates the difficulties in its implementation on typical industrial parameter analyzer and provides solutions. For the first time, w…

A Compact Test Structure for Characterizing Transistor Variability Beyond 3σ

Abstract An addressable array test structure is proposed for characterization of transistor variability beyond 3σ away from the mean. The design of the array is based on very compact basic cells which enable a highly efficient layout which has over three times higher normalized device density than similar arrays. Implementations of a 32k array are demonstrated for placement in a standard waf…

Implications of bacterial contaminated seed lots and endophytic colonization …

The economic impact of seedborne bacterial diseases on rice production provides a major motivation for research on seed health. This paper reports on the endophytic growth of a rifampicin-marked strain of the seedborne rice pathogen Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. The bacterium was found in most tested seeds indicating that, even without visible discolouration, seed transmission is possible. Crushed …

Prioritizing Regions to Conserve a Specialist Folivore: Considering Probabili…

Abstract For species that are increasingly threatened by the combined impacts of habitat loss and climate change, the identification of priority regions for conservation planning efforts is urgently required. In the case of specialist folivores, consideration of the effects of climate change on the distributions of their essential food resources should be a key component of conservation planni…

Dna sequencing, anatomy, and calcification patterns support a Monophyletic, s…

For the first time, morpho-anatomical characters that were congruent with DNA sequence data were used to characterize several genera in Hapalidiaceae —the major eco-engineers of Subarctic carbonate ecosystems. DNA sequencing of three genes (SSU, rbcL, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase large subunit gene and psbA, photosystem II D1 protein gene), along with patterns of cell …

Planning Across Freshwater and Terrestrial Realms: Cobenefits and Tradeoffs B…

Conservation planning has historically been restricted to planning within single realms (i.e., marine, terrestrial, or freshwater). Recently progress has been made in approaches for cross-realm planning which may enhance the ability to effectively manage processes that sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functions (e.g., connectivity) and thus minimize threats more efficiently. Current advances…

Standardizing immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project

The heterogeneity in the healthy human immune system, and the immunological changes that portend various diseases, have been only partially described. Their comprehensive elucidation has been termed the ‘Human Immunology Project’. The accurate measurement of variations in the human immune system requires precise and standardized assays to distinguish true biological changes from technical a…

Routing Algorithms for Network Function Virtualization Enabled Multicast Topo…

Abstract Many multicast services such as live multimedia distribution and real-time event monitoring require multicast mechanisms that involve network functions (e.g., firewall and video transcoding). Network function virtualization (NFV) is a concept that proposes using virtualization to implement network functions on infrastructure building block (such as high volume servers and virtual mac…

Classification of Korean forests: patterns along geographic and environmental…

Abstract Aim: To describe the main vegetation types of the Korean zonal forests and explore their relationship with the main environmental and geographic gradients. Location: Korean Peninsula. Methods: A data set of 3847 releves of zonal (semi)natural forest stands, together with environmental factors recorded in the field or derived from interpolated climatic data was collected. Using the…

Flow-Based Management For Energy Efficient Campus Networks

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the energy consumption of wireless access networks is a threat to the sustainability of mobile cloud services. Consequently, energy efficient solutions are becoming crucial for both local and wireless access networks. In this paper, we propose a flow-based management framework to achieve energy efficiency in campus networks. We address the problem from …

An Effective Web Service Ranking Method via Exploring User Behavior

Abstract Service-oriented computing and Web services are becoming more and more popular, enabling organizations to use the Web as a market for selling their own Web services and consuming existing Web services from others. Nevertheless, with the increasing adoption and presence of Web services, it becomes more difficult to find the most appropriate Web service that satisfies both users’ func…

ATFQ: A Fair and Efficient Packet Scheduling Method in Multi-Resource Environ…

Abstract Large-scale data centers are the key infrastructures for hosting and running a variety of applications. Besides traditional L2/L3 devices, middleboxes are widely deployed in data centers and perform many important functions, e.g., the intrusion detection and firewall. Middleboxes are equipped with multiple kinds of resources, such as CPU and memory. Data flows undergoing different fu…

Design, Modeling, and Simulation of On-Demand Communication Mechanisms for Cy…

Abstract Advanced communication technology is the enabling factor for distributed sensing and control in smart grid. The performance of communication has a significant effect on the performance of the controllers that manage a power system. This effect is more profound when transient level behavior and critical applications are concerned. In these cases, an important issue is to design contro…

A Method of Phenomenological Interviewing

In this article I propose a method of interviewing for descriptive phenomenological research that offers an explicit, theoretically based approach for researchers. My approach enables application of descriptive phenomenology as a total method for research, and not one just focused on data analysis. This structured phenomenological approach to interviewing applies questions based on themes of ex…

Validation of an Animal Isolation Imaging Chamber for Use in Animal Biosafety…

Live imaging of animals infected with pathogenic microbes poses a contamination risk to equipment, personnel, and other animals. A Caliper animal isolation chamber designed for the IVIS® Spectrum imaging system was tested as a containment device for mice infected with microbes assigned to animal biosafety level-3 (ABSL-3). A testing protocol was developed by adapting two published standards to…

Physiology at a glance

Physiology is defined as ‘the scientific study of the bodily function of living organisms and their parts’. There is a natural symbiosis between function (physiology) and structure (anatomy) from which physiology emerged as a separate discipline in the late 19th century. A good understanding of anatomy and physiology is an essential prerequisite for understanding what happens when things go…

Enterprise as an Instrument of Civilization: An Anthropological Approach to B…

Edisi

-

ISBN/ISSN

978-4-431-54916-1

Deskripsi Fisik

xv, 250 hlm.:ill.

Judul Seri

Translational Systems Sciences Volume 4

No. Panggil

-

Netter’s Clinical Anatomy

Human anatomy is the foundation upon which the education of our medical, dental, and allied health science students is built. However, today’s biomedical science curriculum must cover an ever-increasing body of scientific knowledge, often in fewer hours, as competing disciplines and new technologies emerge. Many of these same technologies, especially those in the imaging science fields, have …

Greening IT: How greener it can form a solid base for a low-Carbon society

Bringing climate change under control is one of the great historic challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. To succeed, the international community must reach an ambitious and comprehensive global agreement that provides the framework for worldwide action to keep global warming below dangerous levels. The most convincing leadership the European Union can provide is to become the …

An overview of geometrical parameters of surface texturing for piston/cylinde…

Abstract Surface texturing has been effectively used to improve tribological performance of sliding surfaces. Reduction in friction, increase in hydrodynamic load carrying capacity, reduction in wear and increase in fluid film stiffness are few examples of the benefits that can be obtained by surface texturing. In order to obtain these benefits, several researchers have investigated the effe…

A plate finite element for modelling of triplex laminated glass and compariso…

Abstract Laminated glass became a popular safety glass. The very soft interlayer of polymeric material impedes the slippage between glass layers, bending in parallel, by shear stress. The shear stress of the interlayer breaches the principle of straight normals remaining straight after deformation, on which is based the conventional shell elements in finite element (FE) analysis. As a resu…

A mesomechanical analysis of the stress–strain localisation in friction sti…

Abstract A numerical analysis is presented of the microstructural effects on the deformation and fracture of friction stir welds in aluminium alloys. A dynamic boundary-value problem in a plane strain formulation is solved numerically by the finite-difference method. Experimental polycrystalline microstructures inherent in different weld zones—base material, weld nugget, and thermo-mechanic…

Primary School Teachers’ Understandings of Human Rights and Human Rights Ed…

Edisi

-

ISBN/ISSN

1874-6306

Deskripsi Fisik

Human Rights Review (2015) 16:161–182

Judul Seri

Human Rights Review (2015) 16:161–182

No. Panggil

-