High-Volume Processed, ITO-Free Superstrates and Substrates for Roll-to-Roll …

The fabrication of substrates and superstrates prepared by scalable roll-toroll methods is reviewed. The substrates and superstrates that act as the fl exible carrier for the processing of functional organic electronic devices are an essential component, and proposals are made about how the general availability of various forms of these materials is needed to accelerate the development of the f…

Laboratory Safety for Oncogene-Containing Retroviral Vectors

The use of retroviral vectors in research laboratories has been steadily increasing, and with that, questions are arising more frequently regarding the biosafety of these reagents, particularly when the vector delivers a gene with oncogenic properties. Although modern retroviral vector systems produce particles that are replication-defective, there is still a possibility that upon accidental …

A Glyphosate-Resistant Biotype of Annual Bluegrass in Tennessee

Glyphosate is regularly used to control annual bluegrass populations in dormant bermudagrass turf. A population of annual bluegrass not controlled by glyphosate at 840 g ha-1 (glyphosate resistant, GR) was identified on a golf course in Humboldt, TN in 2010. Mature tillers of GR plants were established in a greenhouse and treated with glyphosate at 0, 210, 420, 840, 1,680, 3,360, and 6,720 g ha…

Design of a Decentralized Controller for a Glass RTP System

Abstract The design of a decentralized controller has been studied as an integral part of the development of a commercial rapid thermal processing (RTP) system for manufacturing display glass. The glass RTP system uses bulb-type tungsten-halogen lamps for heating. A highly uniform temperature distribution with a maximum temperature difference of less than 6 ◦C between any two points is requi…

Demand Modeling With Forecast Evolution: An Application to Production Planning

Abstract The value of demand forecast information has been the subject of numerous studies in the inventory literature, but has had limited application in production planning. This paper integrates ideas from forecast evolution and inventory theory to plan work releases into a production facility in the face of stochastic demand. The model, which is solved on a rolling horizon basis, manages …

Data Mining for Significance in Yield-Defect Correlation Analysis

Abstract A yield analysis method using basic yield and in-line defect information in a statistical model to determine root-causes of yield loss in semiconductor manufacturing is presented. The goal of this analysis method is to provide the fab process line management yield loss accounting for defects identified at inspected process layers. Quantifying these losses, in terms of yield loss perce…

Correlational Study Between SiN Etch Rate and Plasma Impedance in Electron Cy…

Abstract The correlation between the change in the etching rate of SiN and the change in the monitored plasma impedance was investigated to estimate the capability of critical dimension (CD) prediction with a plasma impedance monitor (PIM). The results obtained with the PIM were compared with those of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), which was performed using the emission intensity ratio …

Control of Epitaxial Growth of SiGe

Abstract Silicon-Germanium (SiGe), used to boost pFET performance and enhance the properties of high-k metal gate devices, is grown by selective epitaxy on silicon. Since device parameters depend critically on the deposited SiGe thickness, we apply several advanced techniques to control deposition. Feedback and feed-forward of growth rate data is used to control deposition tools. We also appl…

Contact Chains for FinFET Technology Characterization

Abstract Electrical characterization remains a key element in technology development and manufacturing of integrated circuits. Contact chain is a well known part of the diagnostic set of test structures used across many generations of silicon processes. Implementation of such test structures becomes challenging in new technologies with 3-D devices, like FinFET. Contacts to active regions of su…

Carrier Profiling Technology in Ten Nanometers Devices

Abstract The advanced carrier concentration evaluation scheme was proposed with combined higher precise scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) measurement and technology-CAD (TCAD) analysis in this paper. The cyclic contact (CC) method was applied to variation reduction of SSRM resistance to more accurately characterize for the device. The CC method suppresses dust generation. The va…

Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Stacked IC With On-Chip Sensing Devic…

Abstract Temperature distributions in 3-D integrated circuits (ICs) are analyzed with a test structure, which has a top-tier chip attached on a bottom dummy chip with adhesive layer. The devices with four kinds of top-tier chip thickness tSi of 50–410 μm were fabricated by a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The test structure consists of 24 sensor blocks, each of which has sensor p-n diodes…

Analysis and Characterization of Capacitance Variation Using Capacitance Meas…

Abstract To address the need for direct extraction of the capacitance of a chip, a capacitance measurement array (CMA) has been developed. The operation of the CMA is based on the charge-based capacitance measurement (CBCM) technique. The CMA chip consists of 144 CBCM array units (CAU) and each CAU is designed to measure eight individual capacitors. Element selection and precise measurement ar…

Advanced Dicing Technology for Semiconductor Wafer—Stealth Dicing

Abstract “Stealth dicing (SD)” was developed to solve inherent problems of a dicing process such as debris contaminants and unnecessary thermal damages on a work wafer. A completely dry process is another big advantage over other dicing methods. In SD, the laser beam power of transmissible wavelength is absorbed only around focal point in the wafer by utilizing the temperature dependence o…

A Regularized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Approach for Failure Pattern…

Abstract In semiconductor manufacturing processes, monitoring the quality of wafers is one of the most important steps to quickly detect process faults and significantly reduce yield loss. Fail bit maps (FBMs) represent the failed cell count during wafer functional tests and have been popularly used as one of the diagnosis tools in semiconductor manufacturing for process monitoring, root caus…

A Plasticity-Based Model of Material Removal in Chemical–Mechanical Polishi…

Abstract It is well known that the chemical reaction between an oxide layer and a water-based slurry produces a softer hydroxylated interface layer. During chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP), it is assumed that material removal occurs by the plastic deformation of this interface layer. In this paper, the behavior of the hydroxylated layer is modeled as a perfectly plastic material, and a me…

A New Etch Planarization Technology to Correct Non-Uniformity Post Chemical M…

Abstract The introduction of 3-D structures and new materials for advanced logic devices at extremely fine feature size presents challenges for within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer thickness uniformity control that is critical for yield and performance. For conventional chemical mechanical polishing technology, the typical thin film uniformity across the whole wafer may not meet the desired variat…

A New Accelerated Endurance Test for Terabit NAND Flash Memory Using Interfer…

Abstract Limited endurance of E/W cycles is a unique restriction of flash memories and the endurance characteristics usually take a longer time to test. In this paper, we proposed a novel endurance test scheme that takes advantage of the parasitic cell-to-cell interference as well as a shortened program time to accelerate the endurance test for terabit NAND flash memory. The novelty of the ne…

A Discharge-Based Pulse Technique for Probing the Energy Distribution of Posi…

Abstract Characterizing positive charges and its energy distribution in gate dielectric is useful for process qualification. A discharge-based technique is introduced to extract their energy distribution both within and beyond substrate band-gap. This paper investigates the difficulties in its implementation on typical industrial parameter analyzer and provides solutions. For the first time, w…

A Compact Test Structure for Characterizing Transistor Variability Beyond 3σ

Abstract An addressable array test structure is proposed for characterization of transistor variability beyond 3σ away from the mean. The design of the array is based on very compact basic cells which enable a highly efficient layout which has over three times higher normalized device density than similar arrays. Implementations of a 32k array are demonstrated for placement in a standard waf…

Implications of bacterial contaminated seed lots and endophytic colonization …

The economic impact of seedborne bacterial diseases on rice production provides a major motivation for research on seed health. This paper reports on the endophytic growth of a rifampicin-marked strain of the seedborne rice pathogen Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. The bacterium was found in most tested seeds indicating that, even without visible discolouration, seed transmission is possible. Crushed …

Prioritizing Regions to Conserve a Specialist Folivore: Considering Probabili…

Abstract For species that are increasingly threatened by the combined impacts of habitat loss and climate change, the identification of priority regions for conservation planning efforts is urgently required. In the case of specialist folivores, consideration of the effects of climate change on the distributions of their essential food resources should be a key component of conservation planni…

Dna sequencing, anatomy, and calcification patterns support a Monophyletic, s…

For the first time, morpho-anatomical characters that were congruent with DNA sequence data were used to characterize several genera in Hapalidiaceae —the major eco-engineers of Subarctic carbonate ecosystems. DNA sequencing of three genes (SSU, rbcL, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase large subunit gene and psbA, photosystem II D1 protein gene), along with patterns of cell …

Planning Across Freshwater and Terrestrial Realms: Cobenefits and Tradeoffs B…

Conservation planning has historically been restricted to planning within single realms (i.e., marine, terrestrial, or freshwater). Recently progress has been made in approaches for cross-realm planning which may enhance the ability to effectively manage processes that sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functions (e.g., connectivity) and thus minimize threats more efficiently. Current advances…

Standardizing immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project

The heterogeneity in the healthy human immune system, and the immunological changes that portend various diseases, have been only partially described. Their comprehensive elucidation has been termed the ‘Human Immunology Project’. The accurate measurement of variations in the human immune system requires precise and standardized assays to distinguish true biological changes from technical a…

Routing Algorithms for Network Function Virtualization Enabled Multicast Topo…

Abstract Many multicast services such as live multimedia distribution and real-time event monitoring require multicast mechanisms that involve network functions (e.g., firewall and video transcoding). Network function virtualization (NFV) is a concept that proposes using virtualization to implement network functions on infrastructure building block (such as high volume servers and virtual mac…

Classification of Korean forests: patterns along geographic and environmental…

Abstract Aim: To describe the main vegetation types of the Korean zonal forests and explore their relationship with the main environmental and geographic gradients. Location: Korean Peninsula. Methods: A data set of 3847 releves of zonal (semi)natural forest stands, together with environmental factors recorded in the field or derived from interpolated climatic data was collected. Using the…

Flow-Based Management For Energy Efficient Campus Networks

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the energy consumption of wireless access networks is a threat to the sustainability of mobile cloud services. Consequently, energy efficient solutions are becoming crucial for both local and wireless access networks. In this paper, we propose a flow-based management framework to achieve energy efficiency in campus networks. We address the problem from …

An Effective Web Service Ranking Method via Exploring User Behavior

Abstract Service-oriented computing and Web services are becoming more and more popular, enabling organizations to use the Web as a market for selling their own Web services and consuming existing Web services from others. Nevertheless, with the increasing adoption and presence of Web services, it becomes more difficult to find the most appropriate Web service that satisfies both users’ func…

ATFQ: A Fair and Efficient Packet Scheduling Method in Multi-Resource Environ…

Abstract Large-scale data centers are the key infrastructures for hosting and running a variety of applications. Besides traditional L2/L3 devices, middleboxes are widely deployed in data centers and perform many important functions, e.g., the intrusion detection and firewall. Middleboxes are equipped with multiple kinds of resources, such as CPU and memory. Data flows undergoing different fu…

Design, Modeling, and Simulation of On-Demand Communication Mechanisms for Cy…

Abstract Advanced communication technology is the enabling factor for distributed sensing and control in smart grid. The performance of communication has a significant effect on the performance of the controllers that manage a power system. This effect is more profound when transient level behavior and critical applications are concerned. In these cases, an important issue is to design contro…

A Method of Phenomenological Interviewing

In this article I propose a method of interviewing for descriptive phenomenological research that offers an explicit, theoretically based approach for researchers. My approach enables application of descriptive phenomenology as a total method for research, and not one just focused on data analysis. This structured phenomenological approach to interviewing applies questions based on themes of ex…

Validation of an Animal Isolation Imaging Chamber for Use in Animal Biosafety…

Live imaging of animals infected with pathogenic microbes poses a contamination risk to equipment, personnel, and other animals. A Caliper animal isolation chamber designed for the IVIS® Spectrum imaging system was tested as a containment device for mice infected with microbes assigned to animal biosafety level-3 (ABSL-3). A testing protocol was developed by adapting two published standards to…

Physiology at a glance

Physiology is defined as ‘the scientific study of the bodily function of living organisms and their parts’. There is a natural symbiosis between function (physiology) and structure (anatomy) from which physiology emerged as a separate discipline in the late 19th century. A good understanding of anatomy and physiology is an essential prerequisite for understanding what happens when things go…

Enterprise as an Instrument of Civilization: An Anthropological Approach to B…

Edisi

-

ISBN/ISSN

978-4-431-54916-1

Deskripsi Fisik

xv, 250 hlm.:ill.

Judul Seri

Translational Systems Sciences Volume 4

No. Panggil

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Netter’s Clinical Anatomy

Human anatomy is the foundation upon which the education of our medical, dental, and allied health science students is built. However, today’s biomedical science curriculum must cover an ever-increasing body of scientific knowledge, often in fewer hours, as competing disciplines and new technologies emerge. Many of these same technologies, especially those in the imaging science fields, have …

Greening IT: How greener it can form a solid base for a low-Carbon society

Bringing climate change under control is one of the great historic challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. To succeed, the international community must reach an ambitious and comprehensive global agreement that provides the framework for worldwide action to keep global warming below dangerous levels. The most convincing leadership the European Union can provide is to become the …

An overview of geometrical parameters of surface texturing for piston/cylinde…

Abstract Surface texturing has been effectively used to improve tribological performance of sliding surfaces. Reduction in friction, increase in hydrodynamic load carrying capacity, reduction in wear and increase in fluid film stiffness are few examples of the benefits that can be obtained by surface texturing. In order to obtain these benefits, several researchers have investigated the effe…

A plate finite element for modelling of triplex laminated glass and compariso…

Abstract Laminated glass became a popular safety glass. The very soft interlayer of polymeric material impedes the slippage between glass layers, bending in parallel, by shear stress. The shear stress of the interlayer breaches the principle of straight normals remaining straight after deformation, on which is based the conventional shell elements in finite element (FE) analysis. As a resu…

A mesomechanical analysis of the stress–strain localisation in friction sti…

Abstract A numerical analysis is presented of the microstructural effects on the deformation and fracture of friction stir welds in aluminium alloys. A dynamic boundary-value problem in a plane strain formulation is solved numerically by the finite-difference method. Experimental polycrystalline microstructures inherent in different weld zones—base material, weld nugget, and thermo-mechanic…

Primary School Teachers’ Understandings of Human Rights and Human Rights Ed…

Edisi

-

ISBN/ISSN

1874-6306

Deskripsi Fisik

Human Rights Review (2015) 16:161–182

Judul Seri

Human Rights Review (2015) 16:161–182

No. Panggil

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Managing the New Frontiers: An Introduction to the Fundamentals

Please note that Managing the New Frontiers is not meant to be prescriptive or seminal nor is it an academic tome. Although it’s often ignored, the material within these pages may be familiar to those who keep abreast of management topics and current events. Simply put, I have no desire to re-label the fundamentals of management or the work of others and pretend that something new has been d…

Introduction to fluid mechanics

This text was written for an introductory course in fluid mechanics. Our approach to the subject, as in previous editions, emphasizes the physical concepts of Auid mechanics and methods of analysis that begin from basic principles. The primary objective of this book is to help users develop an orderly approach to problem solv­ ing. Thus we always start from governing equat…

How to Examine the Nervous System

Technical advances have made diagnoses quicker, safer, and more accurate. Sometimes it appears that careful history taking and examination are less important than knowing which test to order. However, the technology is expensive and access is limited. As medical costs are increasingly scrutinized by the paying agencies, private or public, there will be limitations on both diagnostic inve…

Fluorescent Red-Emitting BODIPY Oligofl uorene Star-Shaped Molecules as a Col…

The ever growing demand for wireless data communications is driving a need for new technologies to augment the existing radio frequency approaches (such as WiFi). Visible light communications (VLC) offers a means to do this, using the unlicensed visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communications, where hundreds of terahertz of bandwidth are available. The adoption of l…

Steady-state and transient voltage stability analysis of a weak distribution …

In modern, stressed distribution system, voltage stability is a major concern from planning and operation perspectives. Remote wind farm connected to a weak distribution system through a long line could adversely affect the voltage stability of the respective distribution network. This paper investigates the transient and steady-state voltage issues of a distribution network with a distant dou…

Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Synthesis, Reactivity,and Optical Properties

First reported by Farnum as much as 40 years ago, diketopyrrolopyrroles (2,5-dihydropyrrolo[4,3- c ]pyrrolo-1,4-diones) are currently one of the most widely used dyes, with applications that span high-quality pigments, fi eldeffect transistors, bulk-heterojunction solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells,and fl uorescence imaging. Due to the breadth of their utility, there have been several foc…

Controlled, Bio-inspired Self-Assembly of Cellulose-Based Chiral Refl ectors

Layered transparent photonic stacks are known to give rise to highly brilliant color in a variety of living organisms. [ 1 ] The biomimetic replication of these structures not only offers a wide range of applications, but can also be used as a tool to gain understanding of the biological processes responsible for the self-assembly of these structures in nature. Recent studies showed that cellul…

An Ultraviolet-to-NIR Broad Spectral Nanocomposite Photodetector with Gain

Optical sensing from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near infrared (NIR) range have broad applications including imaging, telecommunications,biomedicine, environmental monitoring and defence sensing. [ 1–3 ] It is desirable to have a photodetector with a response spectrum covering a broad spectral range from UV to NIR. However, commercially available solid-state photodetectors have relatively nar…

Optical Properties of Gyroid Structured Materials:From Photonic Crystals to M…

The gyroid is a continuous and triply periodic cubic morphology which possesses a constant mean curvature surface across a range of volumetric fi ll fractions. Found in a variety of natural and synthetic systems which form through self-assembly, from butterfl y wing scales to block copolymers, the gyroid also exhibits an inherent chirality not observed in any other similar morphologies. These …

Near-Field Analysis of Bright and Dark Modes on Plasmonic Metasurfaces Showin…

Plasmonic metasurfaces are investigated that consist of a sub-wavelength line pattern in an ultrathin (∼10 nm) silver fi lm, designed for extraordinary suppressed transmission (EOST) in the visible spectral range. Measurements with a near-fi eld scanning optical microscope (NSOM) demonstrate that farfi eld irradiation resonantly excites antenna-like (bright) modes that are localized on the m…