This article explores youth drinking in Zurich, Switzerland, on both public squares away from nightlife areas, referred to as ‘square street drinking’ and on the street within the vicinity of nightclubs, defined as ‘club street drinking’. Taking a relational space approach, the analysis adds a social perspective to the dominant economicpolitical perspective to drinking in urban nightli…
Urban residential neighbourhoods, including migrant neighbourhoods, have become important incubation zones for small businesses in recent years and policy-makers and academics alike are wondering which local factors affect this development. This paper analyses the extent to which migrant neighbourhood characteristics related to the built environment and the local regulations matter in determini…
Abstract This paper considers the very large differences in adaptive capacity among the world’s urban centres. It then discusses how risk levels may change for a range of climatic drivers of impacts in the near term (2030–2040) and the long term (2080–2100) with a 2°C and a 4°C warming for Dar es Salaam, Durban,London and New York City. The paper is drawn directly from Chapter 8 of C…
This paper reviews what local governments in more than 50 cities are doing with regard to disaster risk reduction. It draws on the reports of their participation in the global Making Cities Resilient Campaign and its 10 “essential” components, and on interviews with city mayors or managers. These show how resilience to disasters is being conceived and addressed by local governments,especia…
The relationship between the built environment and vulnerability and resilience is a little-studied area of research, and demands an exploration of constraints and windows of opportunity. Given gender roles and the division of labour between women and men within urban poor households, the impacts of climate extremes are likely to be gendered. But conceptualizing gender only in terms of the vul…
This paper is a report on one of three related case studies in Latin America and shows the progress in the city of Chetumal, and the larger state of which it is the capital (Quintana Roo), in disaster response, especially with regard to cyclones. It also shows the progress in land use and ecological planning through the development of certain tools, which have changed the approach from one of …
The relationship between “coping” and “resilience” increasingly features in academic, policy and practical discussions on adaptation to climate change in urban areas. This paper examines this relationship in the context of households in “extreme poverty” in the city of Khulna, Bangladesh. It draws on a quantitative data set based on 550 household interviews in low-income and informa…
During the last few decades, the theoretical research on marine systems, particularly in numerical modelling, has developed rapidly. A number of biogeochemical models, population models and coupled physical chemical and biological models have been developed and are used for research. Although this is a rapidly growing field, as documented by the large number of publications in the scientif…
We began to formulate the initial ideas for this Manual as early as 2006. It had become apparent to us that civil and structural engineers not specialising in geotechnics face a daunting knowledge gap when they come up against a geotechnical problem. Most civil engineers leave university with very little grounding in geotechnical engineering. They will have a fair grasp of applied mechanics …
We began to formulate the initial ideas for this Manual as early as 2006. It had become apparent to us that civil and structural engineers not specialising in geotechnics face a daunting knowledge gap when they come up against a geotechnical problem. Most civil engineers leave university with very little grounding in geotechnical engineering. They will have a fair grasp of applied mechanics …
This paper engages my struggles to craft geo-graphs or earth writings that also further broaden political goals of decolonizing the discipline of geography. To this end, I address a body of literature roughly termed ‘posthumanism’ because it offers powerful tools to identify and critique dualist constructions of nature and culture that work to uphold Eurocentric knowledge and the colonial p…
This paper asks how Indigenous ways of being and knowing can become legitimized within western theorizations of ontology, given the ongoing (neo)colonial relations that shape geographic knowledge production. My analysis emerges within my narrative accounts of being a Kwakwaka’wakw scholar in two spaces of knowledge production: a geography conference and a potlatch. Through these stories, I en…
This short reflection on my writing practice pivots off Roland Barthes’ announcement, in his last lecture course The Preparation of the Novel 1978–80, that he wanted ‘to track the Work from its Projection to it’s accomplishment: in other words, from Wanting-to-Write to Being-Able-to- Write, or from the Desire-to-Write to the Fact-of-Writing’. Here I reflect how Barthes, through animat…
For most academic geographers writing remains the primary means through which we communicate our work. Typically, of course, in monographs and journal articles, but with ongoing creative efforts to engage geographical audiences through practices beyond academic publishing – something cultural geographies in practice has long featured – that writing sees a myriad of expressions.1 Nevertheles…
This contribution is a reflection on the process of becoming a poet as a geographer. It charts my journey into the world of poetry and reflects on the cross-overs between academic geography and poetic practice in the past. It considers the way in which geography and poetry can inform each other in the practice of writing creatively, and tentatively suggests how this engagement might influence m…
This article examines the period leading up to the establishment of the Schefferville iron mine in subarctic Québec, Canada, with a focus on the years 1937–54. The beginning of iron ore mining at Schefferville was a decisive moment in the growth of the modern Québec state, opening the way for the industrial exploitation of the province’s natural resources – mineral and otherwise – in …
The first challenge faced by a project that seeks to bring concerns with ontology and indigeneity into a conversation is to sort out the various (and possibly divergent) projects that are being mobilized when the former term is used, not the least because what do we mean by ontology impinges upon how we can conceive indigeneity. In this article I play a counterpoint between two ‘ontological�…
Evolutionary responses that rescue populations from extinction when drastic environmental changes occur can be friend or foe. The field of conservation biology is concerned with the survival of species in deteriorating global habitats. In medicine, in contrast, infected patients are treated with chemotherapeutic interventions,but drug resistance can compromise eradication of pathogens. These co…
In this report, we critically reviewed selected intrinsic physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and their role in the interaction of the ENMs with the immediate surroundings in representative aquatic environments. The behavior of ENMs with respect to dynamic microenvironments at the nanoebioeeco interface level, and the resulting impact on their toxicity, fate, and expo…
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs,
The objective of this study was to develop an in vitroein vivo correlation (IVIVC) model for hydrophilic matrix extended-release (ER) propranolol dosage formulations. The in vitro release characteristics of the drug were determined using USP apparatus I at 100 rpm, in a medium of varying pH (from pH 1.2 to pH 6.8). In vivo plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters in male beagle dogs…
This study wasan evaluation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) programin Taiwan and its effectiveness in enhancing students’ knowledge and abilities with regard to correct medication usage. In 2011, baseline and follow-up self-administered online surveys were received from 3520 middle-school and primary students from intervention schools, and 3738 students from comparison primary and second…
To investigate the effect of minced fish incorporation on storage stability of a puffed corn-fish snack, treatments including 15% silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) meat and 85% corn (seasoned and unseasoned) were produced by a twin screw extruder. The peroxide values (PVs) of treatments increased (P < 0.05) with storage time and reached a peak in the 12th week, then the values declined …
This study presents the efficacy of six essential oils (EOs), viz. Carum carvi,Myristica fragrans, Melaleuca leucadendra, Cinnamomum camphora, Pelargonium odoratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus, as food preservatives based on antifungal,antiaflatoxin and antioxidant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of EOs against aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (LHP-10) and 13 other stor…
Background: The validity of energy data in the composition table of Korean food has been in question due to possible differences in its chemical composition from that of western food. Traditional Korean food involves a diverse range of food ingredients so there has been considerable doubt regarding the accuracy of the energy level derived from chemical analysis and energy conversion factors. M…
Background: Despite the long history of Korean foods, the truth and history behind them are either scaled down or distorted due to several scholars who happen to “know” hanja (漢字). A representative case is the distortion of the history of gochu, which inflicts serious distortion on foods that also use the very ingredient. As the distorted history of gochu is pushed forward to be true, t…
This study assessed the effects of starter cultures (Lactobacillus sakei KM5474 and Lactobacillus plantarum KM1450) on the accumulation of biogenic amines (BAs) in Thai traditional fermented fish sausage. BAs formation (cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, and tyramine) was significantly higher in som-fug fermentation without starter culture. Accumulation of these BA…
Humans need to obtain nutrients from foods in order to survive and be healthy. The requirements of energy and nutrients are different due to differences in race, age, sex, and physical activity level. People living in different places take nutrients from different kinds of food; therefore, nutrition is a cultural biological process rather than a simple physiological and biochemical process. Foo…
Background: Laphet, a Myanmar traditional fermented tea leaf, has been developed as an ethnic food. It has a very long history in Myanmar. In ancient times fermented tea leaves were used as a peace symbol or peace offering between warring kingdoms. Nowadays, the laphet tray is a main expression of hospitality offering to houseguests. Methods: The culture of laphet, the production of laphet fro…
Background/Purpose: The pili tree is indigenous in the Philippines and can easily grow in tropical countries. This research work investigated the potential of pili pulp and pili nut oils for use in the nutraceutical and food industries. Methods: Physicochemical properties, triglyceride, fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter profiles of the enzymatically-produced pili pulp and nut oils were an…
Background: The rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is exceptionally high in Korea, and the health risks and dietary implications of MetS have been reported extensively. Although most meals include combination foods, little is known about metabolic responses to meals containing various foods (such as a hamburger, which typically includes meat, bread, and vegetables). The purpose of this study was…
Background: Fermentation is an age old technique of preserving food in many communities. A wide range of fermented products are prepared by varying the types of raw materials, utensils, and fermentation times. Several fermented foods are consumed in Swaziland. A survey of the types of fermented foods, preparation methods, and utensils used was done in the Hhohho region of Swaziland. The current…
Background: Despite all the research that has been conducted so far on the correlation between sodium intake and hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke, the results thereof have no consistency.Methods: By utilizing the data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we carried out a more systematic i…
Background: Kimchi is a unique and traditional fermented ethnic food of Korea, which consists of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage fermented with lactic acid bacteria. However, some argue that kimchi has only existed for 100 years, which is a false assertion. Methods: We will discuss some papers that make statements on kimchi, and provide accurate historical facts on kimchi by analyzing anc…
The Ayurveda contains a wealth of knowledge on health sciences. Accordingly traditional foods and their dietary guidelines are prescribed in Ayurveda. There is so much similarity in ayurvedic dietetics and traditional foods that many of the traditional health foods in India can be called ayurvedic foods. This review article introduces the concepts of ayurvedic health foods in India and describe…
There are many kinds of traditional fermented beverages in Ethiopia, not only of animal origin, but also of plant origin. In everyday life people enjoy fermented beverages and particularly when having guests, they like to treat them to traditional alcoholic beverages. Tella, tej, areki, borde, and shamita are drinks that each household brews to treat guests. Substrates for their production are …
Background: The present study was investigated to confirm the antiobesity effect of kimchi in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Mice in the high-fat diet (HFD) group, standardized kimchi (S-Kimchi) group, and Korean commercial kimchi (D-Kimchi) group, but not in the normal-diet group, were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for the first 4 weeks to induce obesity. From the 5th to 8t…
Background: Jeonju has been named by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a Creative City of Gastronomy since 2012. The title was awarded based on foods and traditional culture. Jeonju's homemade food preparation style, which has been passed down for thousands of years, was highly praised. Jeonju bibimbap and kongnamul-gukbap are the representative foods …
Background: Bibimbap, a Korean rice dish with mixed vegetables, is very popular around the world. The origin, its unique structure, and the health benefits of bibimbap have attracted interest. Although there are many hypotheses about the origin and development of bibimbap, most of them lack strong scientific evidence. Methods: To investigate the biological and historical aspects of bibimbap, Ko…
Background: Studies in animals have demonstrated the antiallergenic properties of Chongkukjang (CKJ), a traditional Korean food made by fermentation of soybean with Bacillus subtilis. CKJ might therefore be used as an ingredient in a functional food designed to suppress allergies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CKJ on histamine-induced skin wheal response in healthy …
Background: Chongkukjang is a traditional Korean fermented product prepared from soybeans and reported to have multiple biological functions, including antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses and continues to be a worldwide threat with a high potential to cause pandemics. Besides vaccination, only two classes of…
Background: The flora in Uzbekistan is extremely rich and diverse due to its biogeographical features such as a sharply continental climate, deserts, and high mountains. Methods: The collected data were obtained from the 12 villages of the west (Tashkent region), the southern part of Uzbekistan (Kashkadarya and Surhandarya regions), and Karalpakstan by conducting interviews and through scientif…
In northern Europe a number of fish products are prepared in such a way that biochemical and microbial action can take place. These are complex processes for which there are few available scientific studies. This article covers the origin, manufacturing, characteristics, and consumption of traditional fermented fish products, including surstr€omming from Sweden, rakfisk from Norway, hakarl f…
Kinema, hawaijar, tungrymbai, bekang, aakhone, and peruyaan are naturally fermented ethnic soybean foods of India; they are popular among the Mongolian-origin races in the Eastern Himalayas. Bacillus subtilis is the dominant functional bacterium in all naturally fermented soybean foods of these regions. Although there is a good demand for ethnic fermented soybean foods among local consumers in …
Soybeans are produced in large amounts around the world. In Asian countries, soybeans have been used mostly as a source of food, and inWestern countries, they have been used as animal feed and in non-food products. However, since scientific evidence of the dietary benefits of soybeans has been published, the use of soybeans as a food ingredient has increased. In Asia, soybeans have been used in…
Thua nao is a traditionally fermented food in Thailand. It is manufactured by fermenting cooked soybeans with naturally occurring microbes. There are also similar products including natto in Japan, kinema in India, and chongkukjang in Korea. In Thailand, thua nao is widely consumed, especially by people in the northern part. The product is generally regarded as a protein supplement and widel…
Background: Studies have supported the protective effect of high fruit consumption in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Methods: Thirteen fresh tropical fruits were sourced for and the fruits juices were extracted, freeze dried, and then reconstituted for analysis. The sugar, starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents as well as glycemic indices, antioxidant properties, and th…
In this study, the effects of the application of selected bio-fertilizer and fungicides (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin,T. harzianum + 1⁄2 Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin, B. subtilis + 1⁄2 Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) on the quality of Romaine lettuce were investigated. Water, relative water and chlorophyll content, color values, sensory properties and mesophi…
Soy protein isolate (SPI) was hydrolyzed and then its hydrolysate (Hyd-SPI) was supplemented to dough. The dough fermented by a starter consisting of Lactobacillus paralimentarius 412 and Anqi’s yeast was applied to manufacture Chinese steamed bread. Addition of 1% Hyd-SPI to dough is found to significantly improve the farinograph and extensograph values. Moreover, 1% Hyd-SPI stimulates the …
A rapid and semiquantitative lateral flow assay has been developed for detection of cephalexin (CFX) in milk. The assay is based on a competitive format using polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against CFX-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The specificity of antibodies was ascertained by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The laboratory prepared gold nanoparticles coupled…