The objective of this study was to develop an in vitroein vivo correlation (IVIVC) model for hydrophilic matrix extended-release (ER) propranolol dosage formulations. The in vitro release characteristics of the drug were determined using USP apparatus I at 100 rpm, in a medium of varying pH (from pH 1.2 to pH 6.8). In vivo plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters in male beagle dogs…
This study wasan evaluation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) programin Taiwan and its effectiveness in enhancing students’ knowledge and abilities with regard to correct medication usage. In 2011, baseline and follow-up self-administered online surveys were received from 3520 middle-school and primary students from intervention schools, and 3738 students from comparison primary and second…
To investigate the effect of minced fish incorporation on storage stability of a puffed corn-fish snack, treatments including 15% silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) meat and 85% corn (seasoned and unseasoned) were produced by a twin screw extruder. The peroxide values (PVs) of treatments increased (P < 0.05) with storage time and reached a peak in the 12th week, then the values declined …
This study presents the efficacy of six essential oils (EOs), viz. Carum carvi,Myristica fragrans, Melaleuca leucadendra, Cinnamomum camphora, Pelargonium odoratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus, as food preservatives based on antifungal,antiaflatoxin and antioxidant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of EOs against aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (LHP-10) and 13 other stor…
Background: The validity of energy data in the composition table of Korean food has been in question due to possible differences in its chemical composition from that of western food. Traditional Korean food involves a diverse range of food ingredients so there has been considerable doubt regarding the accuracy of the energy level derived from chemical analysis and energy conversion factors. M…
Background: Despite the long history of Korean foods, the truth and history behind them are either scaled down or distorted due to several scholars who happen to “know” hanja (漢字). A representative case is the distortion of the history of gochu, which inflicts serious distortion on foods that also use the very ingredient. As the distorted history of gochu is pushed forward to be true, t…
This study assessed the effects of starter cultures (Lactobacillus sakei KM5474 and Lactobacillus plantarum KM1450) on the accumulation of biogenic amines (BAs) in Thai traditional fermented fish sausage. BAs formation (cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, and tyramine) was significantly higher in som-fug fermentation without starter culture. Accumulation of these BA…
Humans need to obtain nutrients from foods in order to survive and be healthy. The requirements of energy and nutrients are different due to differences in race, age, sex, and physical activity level. People living in different places take nutrients from different kinds of food; therefore, nutrition is a cultural biological process rather than a simple physiological and biochemical process. Foo…
Background: Laphet, a Myanmar traditional fermented tea leaf, has been developed as an ethnic food. It has a very long history in Myanmar. In ancient times fermented tea leaves were used as a peace symbol or peace offering between warring kingdoms. Nowadays, the laphet tray is a main expression of hospitality offering to houseguests. Methods: The culture of laphet, the production of laphet fro…
Background/Purpose: The pili tree is indigenous in the Philippines and can easily grow in tropical countries. This research work investigated the potential of pili pulp and pili nut oils for use in the nutraceutical and food industries. Methods: Physicochemical properties, triglyceride, fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter profiles of the enzymatically-produced pili pulp and nut oils were an…
Background: The rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is exceptionally high in Korea, and the health risks and dietary implications of MetS have been reported extensively. Although most meals include combination foods, little is known about metabolic responses to meals containing various foods (such as a hamburger, which typically includes meat, bread, and vegetables). The purpose of this study was…
Background: Fermentation is an age old technique of preserving food in many communities. A wide range of fermented products are prepared by varying the types of raw materials, utensils, and fermentation times. Several fermented foods are consumed in Swaziland. A survey of the types of fermented foods, preparation methods, and utensils used was done in the Hhohho region of Swaziland. The current…
Background: Despite all the research that has been conducted so far on the correlation between sodium intake and hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke, the results thereof have no consistency.Methods: By utilizing the data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we carried out a more systematic i…
Background: Kimchi is a unique and traditional fermented ethnic food of Korea, which consists of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage fermented with lactic acid bacteria. However, some argue that kimchi has only existed for 100 years, which is a false assertion. Methods: We will discuss some papers that make statements on kimchi, and provide accurate historical facts on kimchi by analyzing anc…
The Ayurveda contains a wealth of knowledge on health sciences. Accordingly traditional foods and their dietary guidelines are prescribed in Ayurveda. There is so much similarity in ayurvedic dietetics and traditional foods that many of the traditional health foods in India can be called ayurvedic foods. This review article introduces the concepts of ayurvedic health foods in India and describe…
There are many kinds of traditional fermented beverages in Ethiopia, not only of animal origin, but also of plant origin. In everyday life people enjoy fermented beverages and particularly when having guests, they like to treat them to traditional alcoholic beverages. Tella, tej, areki, borde, and shamita are drinks that each household brews to treat guests. Substrates for their production are …
Background: The present study was investigated to confirm the antiobesity effect of kimchi in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Mice in the high-fat diet (HFD) group, standardized kimchi (S-Kimchi) group, and Korean commercial kimchi (D-Kimchi) group, but not in the normal-diet group, were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for the first 4 weeks to induce obesity. From the 5th to 8t…
Background: Jeonju has been named by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a Creative City of Gastronomy since 2012. The title was awarded based on foods and traditional culture. Jeonju's homemade food preparation style, which has been passed down for thousands of years, was highly praised. Jeonju bibimbap and kongnamul-gukbap are the representative foods …
Background: Bibimbap, a Korean rice dish with mixed vegetables, is very popular around the world. The origin, its unique structure, and the health benefits of bibimbap have attracted interest. Although there are many hypotheses about the origin and development of bibimbap, most of them lack strong scientific evidence. Methods: To investigate the biological and historical aspects of bibimbap, Ko…
Background: Studies in animals have demonstrated the antiallergenic properties of Chongkukjang (CKJ), a traditional Korean food made by fermentation of soybean with Bacillus subtilis. CKJ might therefore be used as an ingredient in a functional food designed to suppress allergies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CKJ on histamine-induced skin wheal response in healthy …
Background: Chongkukjang is a traditional Korean fermented product prepared from soybeans and reported to have multiple biological functions, including antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses and continues to be a worldwide threat with a high potential to cause pandemics. Besides vaccination, only two classes of…
Background: The flora in Uzbekistan is extremely rich and diverse due to its biogeographical features such as a sharply continental climate, deserts, and high mountains. Methods: The collected data were obtained from the 12 villages of the west (Tashkent region), the southern part of Uzbekistan (Kashkadarya and Surhandarya regions), and Karalpakstan by conducting interviews and through scientif…
In northern Europe a number of fish products are prepared in such a way that biochemical and microbial action can take place. These are complex processes for which there are few available scientific studies. This article covers the origin, manufacturing, characteristics, and consumption of traditional fermented fish products, including surstr€omming from Sweden, rakfisk from Norway, hakarl f…
Kinema, hawaijar, tungrymbai, bekang, aakhone, and peruyaan are naturally fermented ethnic soybean foods of India; they are popular among the Mongolian-origin races in the Eastern Himalayas. Bacillus subtilis is the dominant functional bacterium in all naturally fermented soybean foods of these regions. Although there is a good demand for ethnic fermented soybean foods among local consumers in …
Soybeans are produced in large amounts around the world. In Asian countries, soybeans have been used mostly as a source of food, and inWestern countries, they have been used as animal feed and in non-food products. However, since scientific evidence of the dietary benefits of soybeans has been published, the use of soybeans as a food ingredient has increased. In Asia, soybeans have been used in…
Thua nao is a traditionally fermented food in Thailand. It is manufactured by fermenting cooked soybeans with naturally occurring microbes. There are also similar products including natto in Japan, kinema in India, and chongkukjang in Korea. In Thailand, thua nao is widely consumed, especially by people in the northern part. The product is generally regarded as a protein supplement and widel…
Background: Studies have supported the protective effect of high fruit consumption in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Methods: Thirteen fresh tropical fruits were sourced for and the fruits juices were extracted, freeze dried, and then reconstituted for analysis. The sugar, starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents as well as glycemic indices, antioxidant properties, and th…
In this study, the effects of the application of selected bio-fertilizer and fungicides (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin,T. harzianum + 1⁄2 Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin, B. subtilis + 1⁄2 Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) on the quality of Romaine lettuce were investigated. Water, relative water and chlorophyll content, color values, sensory properties and mesophi…
Soy protein isolate (SPI) was hydrolyzed and then its hydrolysate (Hyd-SPI) was supplemented to dough. The dough fermented by a starter consisting of Lactobacillus paralimentarius 412 and Anqi’s yeast was applied to manufacture Chinese steamed bread. Addition of 1% Hyd-SPI to dough is found to significantly improve the farinograph and extensograph values. Moreover, 1% Hyd-SPI stimulates the …
A rapid and semiquantitative lateral flow assay has been developed for detection of cephalexin (CFX) in milk. The assay is based on a competitive format using polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against CFX-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The specificity of antibodies was ascertained by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The laboratory prepared gold nanoparticles coupled…
The cryoprotective effects of modified starch–sucrose mixtures on silver carp surimi were compared with commercial cryoprotectant using the changes in gel strength and actomyosin conformation during frozen storage. Acetic acid esterification starch (AAES)-sucrose maintained the maximum gel strength and Ca2+–ATPase activity throughout the frozen storage (P < 0.05). Hydroxypropylated starch (…
The effects of Cephalaria syriaca flour on the quality of sunn pest-damaged wheat were investigated. Sunn pest-damaged wheat was blended into sound wheat at different levels (5, 10 and 15%). C. syriaca flour was then added at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% levels. The rheological properties of sunn pest-damaged wheat flour with added C.syriaca flour were considerably improved, in particular with regard to f…
Tractor as one of the most widely used agricultural machinery should be considered from different aspects. The frequent application of clutch and brake pedals and also the steering wheel within farms, along with the unfavorable working conditions, cause negative effects on the occupational health of the tractor drivers. Thus, in this research, the imposed forces on three engaged muscles includi…
The research aims to develop an automatic Question Answering system, in particular Why and How questions, on community web-boards to support ordinary people in preliminary diagnosis and problem solving, such as plant disease problems. The research includes two main problems: Why and How question identification and Why and How answer determination, where Why and How questions are based on expla…
Over the last three decades, China’s agriculture sector has been transformed from the traditional to modern practice through the effective deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Information processing and dissemination have played a critical role in this transformation process. Many studies in relation to agriculture information services have been conducted in China,…
The term ‘‘micronaire” describes an important cotton fiber property by characterizing both the fiber maturity and fineness. In practice, micronaire is regularly measured in laboratories with the well established high volume instrumentation (HVITM) protocol. In most scenarios,cotton breeders/geneticists sent cotton breeding line field trial samples to laboratories equipped to use the HVITM…
Bulk density is an indicator of soil compaction subject to anthropogenic impact, essential to the interpretation of any nutrient budgets, especially to perform carbon inventories. It is so expensive to measure bulk density in arctic/sub-arctic and there are relatively very few field measurements are available. Therefore, to establish a bulk density and SOC empirical relationship in Canada’s a…
This paper introduces a GIS based methodology to generate dynamic process model for the simulation based analysis of a sensitive rural watershed. The Direct Computer Mapping (DCM) based solution starts from GIS layers and, via the graph interpretation and graphical edition of the process network, the expert interface is able to integrate the field experts’knowledge in the computer aided gener…
Labisia pumila (Kacip fatimah) is a popular medicinal plant in Malaysia. The constituents of this plant have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The growth and production of L. pumila is greatly influenced by the plant water status. Current techniques to measure plant water status are generally based on the plant soil moisture, which apparently did…
Standards to describe soil properties are well established, with many ISO specifications and a few international thesauri available for specific applications. Besides, in recent years, the European directive on ‘‘Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)” has brought together most of the existing standards into a well defined model.However, the adoption of…
The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions, but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’ feeding process. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surround…
In the present paper, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study regarding barley and lettuce production in Spain (Barrax and Santomera regions) and Italy (Albenga region) in both open field (OF) and standard greenhouse (GH) cultivations was performed in order to evaluate energy consumption and environmental impacts. The study examines also the impact of the use of compost produced from agricultural …
A newcontrolled seed metering unit was designed and mounted on a common grain drill for direct seeding of wheat (DSW). It comprised the following main parts: (a) a variable-rate controlled direct current motor (DCM) as seed metering shaft driver, (b) two digital encoders for sensing the rotational speed of supplemental ground wheel (SGW) and seed metering shaft and (c) a control box to handle a…
Greenness identification from crop images captured outdoors is the important step for crop growth monitoring. The commonly used methods for greenness identification are based on visible spectral-index, such as the excess green index, the excess green minus excess red index, the vegetative index, the color index of vegetation extraction, the combined index. All these visible spectral-index based…
The repeated usage of frying oil has been proven hazardous due to the degradation process by chemical reactions that lead to changes in the quality of the oil. Currently, the degree of frying oil degradation is indicated by the percentage of its total polar compounds (TPC). In this study, a capacitive sensor was designed to assess frying oil degradation at several heating time intervals by meas…
The energy required for tillage processes accounts for a significant proportion of total energy used in crop production. In many tillage processes decreasing the draft and upward vertical forces is often desired for reduced fuel use and improved penetration, respectively. Recent studies have proved that the discrete element modelling (DEM) can effectively be used to model the soil–tool intera…
In the present study a specific approach is followed, considering the Pesticide DRASTIC and Susceptibility index (SI) methods and a GIS framework, to assess groundwater vulnerability in the agricultural area of Albenga, in north Italy. The results indicate ‘‘high’’ to ‘‘very high’’ vulnerability to groundwater contamination along the coastline and the middle part of the Albenga …
Metadata aggregators and service providers harvest entire collections or they restrict harvesting by date or sets. However most often user approach to collections is not by dates or set names but by domain based keywords. Harvesting by domains is an issue when service providers attempt to collect data from multiple sources. The main problem is that harvesters,at present, do not have the facilit…
Drying of turmeric was carried out in a solar conduction dryer (SCD). Drying air temperature was achieved around 39–51 C for an ambient temperature in the range of 25–28 C. Moisture content from 78.65% (wb), was reduced to 6.36% (wb) and 5.50% (wb) for solid and sliced samples respectively in 12 h effective drying time. Drying curve of sliced samples showed more uniform falling in compar…
This paper reports the study of crumb rubber drying in different experimental designs. It is important to understand the characteristics of crumb rubber drying in order to formulate a better drying strategy that could give higher energy efficiency. Four experiments were carried out with constant heat at maximum 100 C and a stainless steel container was used to hold the sample of crumb rubber u…