Abstract—Cluster tools, each of which consists of multiple processing modules, one material handling robot, and loadlocks, are widely used for wafer fabrication processes, such as lithography, etching, and deposition. There have been many approaches and algorithms for cyclic scheduling of cluster tools in which the robot repeats a specified sequence for processing identical wafers. However, t…
Abstract—The characteristics of oxynitride thermally grown in either NO or N2O ambient as a tunnel layer are investigated based on an Al/Al2O3/GdON/SiOxNy/Si structure. The physical thickness of each dielectric layer was measured and confirmed by multiwavelength ellipsometry and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental results reveal that better memory performances can be achieved for …
An improved quadrature nonlinear filter named delayed Genz–Keister sequences-based sparse-grid quadrature filter (DGKSGQF)is developed for the target tracking problems. The filter changes the non-nested Gaussian quadrature points of the quadrature filters to the nested Genz–Keister points for selecting the unvariate points, which are the basis point sets extended to form a multidimensional…
The basic idea of extension engineering is to deal with contradictions in different fields with formalized methods and study how to change incompatibility into compatibility, antagonism into co-existence and the negative into positive. The book systematically elaborates the theoretical foundation, methodology and fields of application of extension engineering and presents application cases of e…
Semiconductor cluster tools are the integrated equipment to process a variety of silicon wafers for the fabrication of microelectronic components. The cluster tool system consists of several loadlock modules, processing chambers, and material handling armed robots for transferring wafers between them. Most scheduling problems for dual-armed cluster tools adopt cyclic scheduling with the assump…
Decreasing the soaring energy cost is imperative in large data centers. Meanwhile, limited computational resources need to be fairly allocated among different organizations. Latency is another major concern for resource management. Nevertheless, energy cost, resource allocation fairness, and latency are important but often contradicting metrics on scheduling data center workloads. Moreover, wit…
A finite-state machine (FSM) is an abstract mathematical model of computation used to design both computer programs and sequential logic circuits. Considered as an abstract model of computation, FSM is weak; it has less computational power than some other models of computation such as the Turing machine. This paper discusses the finite-state automata based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and dif…
We present several measures that can be used in de novo computational design of biological systems with information processing capabilities. Their main purpose is to objectively evaluate the behavior and identify the biological information processing structures with the best dynamical properties. They can be used to define constraints that allow one to simplify the design of more complex biolog…
This paper proposes a novel scheme of nonuniform discretizetion-based control vector parameterization (ndCVP, for short) for dynamic optimization problems (DOPs) of industrial processes. In our ndCVP scheme, the time span is partitioned into a multitude of uneven intervals, and incremental time parameters are encoded, along with the control parameters, into the individual to be optimized. Our c…
This paper presents a configurable CMOS integrated circuit front-end for the recording of a wide range of biopotentials (ExG). The system offers a choice between a single-differential or double-differential recording channel topology, wide continuously adjustable gain range (37–66 dB), selectable CMOS or BJT input stages, offset compensation, differential and buffered single-ended voltage out…
This paper proposes a novel concept for simultaneous cell shape and motion analysis in fast microchannel flows by implementing a multiobject feature extraction algorithm on a framestraddling high-speed vision platform. The system can synchronize two camera inputs with the same view with only a tiny time delay on the sub-microsecond timescale. Real-time video processing is performed in hardware…
Linear drain current degradation of a field-gate p-channel lateral extended drain MOS (FG-pLEDMOS) transistor for different ac hot-carrier stress conditions has been experimentally investigated in this paper. It is noted that hot-carrier degradation strongly depends on the time of the rising and falling edges of the gate signal pulse. Faster rising and falling edges of the gate pulse will indu…
This paper develops a doubly-fed induction machine model for steady-state harmonic studies. The model is based on the well-known steady-state induction machine model, considering nonsinusoidal voltage sources on the stator and rotor sides of the machine. The results obtained with the proposed model match those obtained from real lab measurements and with a complete induction machine model for …
This paper considers a customer order scheduling problem with product type splitting property in the unrelated parallel machine environment. Product type splitting property refers to the case where each customer order consists of several product types and the workload of all associated product types can be arbitrarily split among machines. The objective is to minimize the total completion time…
Human activity is among the critical information for a context-aware energy saving system since knowing what activities are undertaken is important for judging if energy is well spent. Most of the prior works on energy saving do not make the best of context-awareness especially in a multiuser environment to assist the energy saving system. In addition, they often ignore whether appliances are …
In this paper, a new method is proposed to evaluate the performance of concurrent systems. A concurrent system consisting of multiple processes that communicate via message passing mechanisms is modeled by a Petri net, which is in turn represented by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)of a restricted type. The equations describe the system state changes, and the solutions, also call…
This paper studies magnet eddy-current losses in permanent-magnet (PM) machines with concentrated winding. First, space harmonics of magnetomotive force (MMF) and their influence on magnet losses in electrical machines are investigated. Second, an analytical model of magnet volume losses is developed by studying the interaction between MMF harmonics wavelengths and magnet pole dimensions. Diff…
This paper deals with the design and the experimental validation in scale-lab test benches of an energy management algorithm based on feedback control techniques for a flywheel energy storage device. The aim of the flywheel is to smooth the net power injected to the grid by a wind turbine or by a wind power plant. In particular, the objective is to compensate the power disturbances produced by …
A generic state-vector transition (SVT) model is suggested, including a flexible synchronous composition involving both shared variables and events. This model is analyzed, focusing on properties that are important for supervisor synthesis. A synthesis procedure is then developed for the SVT model, where supervisor guards are generated that guarantee a controllable, nonblocking and maximally pe…
This paper presents the modeling approach for a quasi-2-D tubular anode-supported solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for real-time control implementation. The proposed system considers a multidomain electrochemical, fluidic, and thermal dynamic modeling and it is experimentally validated against a SOFC real world implementation. Implicit iterative algebraic equations have been introduced and impleme…
A popular clustering algorithm for biological networks which was proposed by Hartuv and Shamir [5] identifies nonoverlapping highly connected components. We extend the approach taken by this algorithm by introducing the combinatorial optimization problem HIGHLY CONNECTED DELETION, which asks for removing as few edges as possible from a graph such that the resulting graph consists of highly conn…
The rapid development of gene ontology (GO) and huge amount of biomedical data annotated by GO terms necessitate computation of semantic similarity of GO terms and, in turn, measurement of functional similarity of genes based on their annotations. In this paper we propose a novel and efficient method to measure the semantic similarity of GO terms. The proposed method addresses the limitations i…
A new graph based constrained semi-supervised learning (G-CSSL) framework is proposed. Pairwise constraints (PC) are used to specify the types (intra- or inter-class) of points with labels. Since the number of labeled data is typically small in SSL setting, the core idea of this framework is to create and enrich the PC sets using the propagated soft labels from both labeled and unlabeled data b…
In this paper, various new models of double-regulated Kaplan turbines are proposed, whose parameters are determined on the basis of field measurement data acquired during normal operating conditions. The model being identified is an extension of the nonlinear single-regulated turbine model obtained through an approximation function that defines the relationship between the wicket gate opening …
Mobile cloud computing (MCC) improves the computational capabilities of resource-constrained mobile devices. On the other hand, the mobile users demand a certain level of quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning while they use services from the cloud, even if the interfacing gateway changes due to the mobility of the users. In this paper, we identify, formulate, and address the problem of QoS-guar…
We address the problem of providing users with the ability to assess the integrity of join results produced by external computational providers and computed over externally stored databases. Our approach relies on different mutually supporting techniques offering strong integrity protection guarantees at a limited cost. The application of the approach is completely transparent to the computatio…
Power efficiency is one of the main issues that will drive the design of data centers, especially of those devoted to provide Cloud computing services. In virtualized data centers, consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs) on the minimum number of physical servers has been recognized as a very efficient approach, as this allows unloaded servers to be switched off or used to accommodate more load,…
Ananalysis for net power characterization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is developed with Ballard 1.2-kW Nexa power module. A net power control (NPC)strategy based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is proposed to achieve optimal oxygen excess ratio (OER). The H∞ suboptimal control problem is solved by LMI and the simulations are carried out under differe…
Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM)have been widely used in a variety of applications. A strong electromagnetic force exists between the rotor magnets and the stator core in a PMSM. The force directly causes mechanical deformation and vibration of the stator. In small PM motors, mechanical vibration comes mainly from the electromagnetic force of the stator. This paper gives the general…
Reviewers performing systematic literature reviews require understanding of the review process and of the knowledge domain. This paper presents an iterative approach for conducting systematic literature reviews that addresses the problems faced by reviewers who are novices in one or both levels of understanding. This approach is derived from traditional systematic literature reviews and based …
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films have been used in low cost transparent conductive oxide (TCO) applications. For flexible electronics, the devices are subjected to cyclic bending during manufacturing and usage, which may lead to both electrical and optical degradation of TCO thin films. This paper was designed to investigate the effect of the strained growth and normal growth methods …
In this paper, a new diagnostic mean is introduced for accurate, reliable, and effective diagnosis of faults in deltaconnected induction motors. This mean is the zero-sequence stator current spectrum. The study is carried out with analytical calculations and finite-element method simulations. Most common faults are examined for a 4-kW cage induction motor. The analysis will reveal that the prop…
We present a novel, efficient, and flexible scheme to generate a high-quality mesh that approximates the outer boundary of a swept volume. Our approach comes with two guarantees. First, the approximation is conservative, i.e., the swept volume is enclosed by the generated mesh. Second, the one-sided Hausdorff distance of the generated mesh to the swept volume is upper bounded by a user defined …
Synchronizing sequences have been proposed in the late 1960s to solve testing problems on systems modeled by finitestate machines. Such sequences lead a system, seen as a black box, from an unknown current state to a known final one. This paper presents a first investigation of the computation of synchronizing sequences for systems modeled by synchronized Petri nets. In the first part of the p…
This study proposes an online monitoring technique for nonlinear multiple-mode problems in industrial processes. The contributions of the proposed technique are summarized as follows: 1) Lazy learning (LL), a new adaptive local modeling method, is introduced for multiple-mode process monitoring. In this method, multiple modes are separated and accurately modeled online, and the between-mode dy…
Prediction of acoustic noise distribution generated by electric machines has become an integral part of design and control in noise sensitive applications. This paper presents a fast and precise acoustic noise imaging technique for switched reluctance machines (SRMs). This method is based on distribution of radial vibration in the stator frame of the SRM. Radial vibration of the stator frame, …
The effect of climatic conditions and ionic contamination on the reliability of printed circuit board assembly has been investigated in terms of leakage current (LC) and electrochemical migration susceptibility. The change in LC as a function of relative humidity (RH) and temperature was measured using single components (size 0805) and surface insulation resistance comb patterns precontaminated…
To endow game characters with more realistic affective behavior, the notion of prospect-based emotions plays an important role: recent literature suggests that emotional states of such agents should not only be triggered by present stimuli, but also by anticipation on future stimuli, and evaluation of past stimuli in the context of these anticipations. Within the current study, an extension of …
Brushless doubly fed machine (BDFM) shows promising results for wind power and adjustable-speed drive applications. Due to poor rotor magnetic coupling and relatively high value of slip, core loss is an important factor which can affect the steadystate and dynamic performance of BDFM. Specifically, core loss plays a major role when evaluating the efficiency of the machine. By now, there is no …
The performance of batteries as uninterruptable power sources in any industry cannot be taken for granted. The failures in battery systems of safety-related electric systems can lead to performance deterioration, costly replacement, and, more importantly, serious hazards. The possible failures in battery systems are currently determined through periodic maintenance activities. However, it is de…
The effect of redundancy on the aging of an efficient maximum distance separable (MDS) parity-protected distributed storage system that consists of MDS-parity protected array of storage units is explored. In light of the experimental evidences and survey data, this paper develops generalized expressions for the reliability of array storage systems based on more realistic time to failure distri…
We investigate the dielectric breakdown of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) interfacial layers compared with SiO2 used in the high-k gate dielectric stacks. We predict the maximum operating voltage for a ten-year lifetime, using extracted values of Weibull β, voltage power law exponent (n), and breakdown voltage. We show that the Al2O3 interface layer reliability is sufficient for it to be considered a…
In numerous cellular applications, cells are transported to specific positions or extracted from complex cell solutions. Therefore, an efficient cell transportation path planner for these applications is important for avoiding collisions with other cells or obstacles. In this paper, a path planning approach to transporting cells using a robot-aided optical manipulation system is presented. Opt…
Multivariate process control in Distributed Sensor Networks (DSNs) is an important and challenging topic. Although a fully deployed sensor network will minimize information loss, the associated sensing cost can be overwhelming. Many efforts have been made to investigate the optimal sensor allocation strategy for different process control applications; however, most of them assume that the sens…
The execution behavior of a system or a product can often be specified by a set of operations (sometimes called tasks, actions or activities). The process to specify these operations seems to be a real challenge in various situations, for example when designing automation systems or keeping track of the work at an emergency department. To be flexible during design and development, is about cop…
This paper is devoted to modeling and analysis ofmultiproduct manufacturing systems with homogeneous exponential machines and finite buffers. In such systems, each machine processes multiple product types with different speeds, but the processing time for each product type is the same on all machines. Buffers are finite, shared for all products. Analytical methods to evaluate the system perfor…
A novel parameters estimation strategy of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) for accurate torque control is proposed and investigated in this paper. The difference of q-axis inductance and d-axis inductance is estimated by a PI regulator using the deviation between actual output power and reference power. The estimated difference of dq inductance can be used to achieve maxim…
This paper proposes an approach to improve surface-type classification of images containing inconsistently illuminated surfaces. When a mobile inspection robot is visually inspecting surface-types in a dark environment and a directional light source is used to illuminate the surfaces, the images captured may exhibit illumination variance that can be caused by the orientation and distance of the…
Competition and demand for consistent and high-quality product have spurred the development of quality prediction methods for industrial manufacturing processes. Multiplicity of phases is, in general, common nature of many batch manufacturing processes. Considering that different phases may have different effects on qualities, one of the key issues is how to partition the whole batch process …
In this paper, two adaptive observer-based strategies are proposed for control of nonlinear processes using input/output (I/O) data. In the two strategies, pseudo-partial derivative (PPD) parameter of compact form dynamic linearization and PPD vector of partial form dynamic linearization are all estimated by the adaptive observer, which are used to dynamically linearize a nonlinear system. The …